Key issues for bio-based, biodegradable and compostable plastics governance

Nazareth, Monick Cruz; Marques, Mônica Regina da Costa; Pinheiro, Lara M.; Castro, Ítalo Braga

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116074

Cited by 25 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…68 Nevertheless, such research is also required for wood derivatives, as the non-toxic and biocompatible perception surrounding materials of natural origin should not preclude efforts toward validating their safety and quantifying risks. 69 Even for popular wood derivatives like nanocellulose and lignin, insufficient biodegradability, toxicity, and exposure data currently exist (which is why this study considers a "no emission" EoL scenario in which lignin and CNF are non-biodegradable). 70,71 Like conventional polymers, biopolymers could require chemical treatment and additives for improved functionality and durability to t specic applications.…”

Section: Climate and Environmental Benets Of Biopolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the climate neutrality of wood derivatives and biopolymers

Sudheshwar,

Vogel,

Nyström

et al. 2024

RSC Sustain.

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Section: Climate and Environmental Benets Of Biopolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the climate neutrality of wood derivatives and biopolymers

Sudheshwar,

Vogel,

Nyström

et al. 2024

RSC Sustain.

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“…Shamsuyeva et al [ 110 ] investigated standardization in the recycling industry and identified a lack of international recycling standards in a regionally organized waste management system as a main requirement for a circular economy. Nazareth et al [ 112 ] proposed a clear governmental framework for bio-based, bio-degradable, and compostable polymers to avoid greenwashing, inform customers, and ensure proper end-of-life management. Involvement of the right stakeholders was identified as a main obstacle, whereas the education of consumers and setting the basis for decisions are seen as the main advantages of a widely accepted framework.…”

Section: Tracking Solutions For Plasticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Information-Based Plastic Material Tracking for Circular Economy—A Review

Rumetshofer

Fischer

2023

Polymers

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At the moment, it looks like the plastics recycling industry is skimming only low-hanging fruits of its business. To reach intended targets, a greater effort and disruptive innovations are necessary. Physical- or digital-information-based solutions for tracking plastic material can support the circular economy and help to overcome hurdles along the value chain. In this paper, the scientific literature and initiatives in four different technology areas for information-based tracking solutions are reviewed and analyzed. Physical markers can improve sorting efficiencies on short notice but adhere some technical difficulties. Blockchain as a new concept promises high transparency and security, with the drawbacks of energy-intense verification and technical uncertainties. As a third group, the digital product passport claims a combination of physical and digital solutions with open questions on data ownership. The fourth and last group includes standards and certification systems that aim for maximum consensus with slow market implementation. To enable an integrated circular economy of plastics, plastic material tracking solutions must experience broad acceptance by all players along the value chain in the plastics industry and they should additionally be supported by society.

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“…There are several existing studies on the synergistic treatment of industrial composting with certified compostable plastics and food waste . However, the literature on the behavior of these plastics in anaerobic digestion (AD) is still rather limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Certified Compostable Products and Sustainable Food Waste Management via Laboratory-Level Simulation Anaerobic Digestion and Postdigestion Composting

Su,

He,

Lü

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Certified compostable products are designed for use in organic waste management. In practical scenarios, these products can be used as food packaging and food service ware, and they can also be utilized in food waste treatment facilities. In this study, we investigated the degradation of certified compostable plastic bags and coated paper in a laboratory-scale food waste treatment system. Anaerobic digestion (AD) systems operate stably when the addition of certified compostable products accounts for less than 15% of the total feedstock mass. The methane yield of the compostable products during AD was 141− 284 mL/g-VS, varying with the amount of the compostable product added. Cellulose in coated paper achieves resource recovery via methane production and plays a role in regulating the feed quality of ADs. In the subsequent postdigestion composting step, the residual certified compostable plastic in the digestate fully biodegraded within 80 days. The disintegration percentage and mineralization percentage for the post-AD plastic were 88.50 and 77.65%, respectively. Additionally, the composting results indicate that compostable plastic biodegradation is enhanced after AD. This paper highlights the feasibility of using certified compostable plastic bags and coated paper for the cotreatment of food waste through AD and postdigestion composting processes, providing a new method for resourcing paper and plastic products that has reduced direct recycling value due to food waste contamination.

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Key issues for bio-based, biodegradable and compostable plastics governance

Cited by 25 publications

References 56 publications

Unraveling the climate neutrality of wood derivatives and biopolymers

Unraveling the climate neutrality of wood derivatives and biopolymers

Information-Based Plastic Material Tracking for Circular Economy—A Review

Certified Compostable Products and Sustainable Food Waste Management via Laboratory-Level Simulation Anaerobic Digestion and Postdigestion Composting

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