Key issues and recent progress of high efficient organic light-emitting diodes

Copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) as a hole-transport material for large-area opto/electronics

“…The digital display market is being revolutionized following breakthroughs in OLED technology, with the emergence of commercialized smartphone, television and tablet products incorporating OLED displays [1,2,159,160]. Reports of lightweight, high-efficiency OLEDs fabricated on flexible, plastic substrates open the door to a wider range of next generation display applications relative to traditional flat panel displays that utilize liquid crystal display (LCD) technology [161].…”

Application of CdSe–PVK Nanocomposite as a Hole Transport Layer for OLEDs

“…Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), using either small molecules or polymers, have attracted much attention for their potential applications in solid‐state lighting and full‐color flat‐panel displays because of their light weight, ease of production, low cost of processing, low operating voltages (more energy saving), high brightness, contrast, and efficiency, wide viewing angles, tunability of the color emission, fast response time, long life, compatibility to flexible substrates, ease of forming large area and transparent devices, and harmless nature to the eye . Tang and VanSlyka in 1987 introduced the concept of OLED by employing a small organic molecule as the emitter.…”

“…In OLEDs, electrons are injected from the cathode (typically a metal with a low work function such as Al, Mg) into the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the adjacent organic electron transport layer (ETL) material, while holes are injected from the anode (commonly a transparent layer of indium tin oxide, ITO) into the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the organic hole transport layer (HTL) material . The combination of electrons and holes generates light based on charge recombination EL .…”

Synthesis and optoelectronic properties of novel fluorene-bridged dinuclear cyclometalated iridium (III) complex with A–D–A framework in the single-emissive-layer WOLEDs

“…Over the past two decades, considerable progresses have been achieved for red, green and blue OLEDs via utilizing phosphorescent materials of iridium complexes and platinum complexes, which could reach 100% internal quantum efficiency (IQE) in theory [6][7][8][9][10][11]. However, high-efficiency stable white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) remain a challenge [12,13].…”