“…Recently, governments have promoted BEVs by designing investment programs, legislation pieces and taxation policies [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], while manufacturers have innovated battery technology to improve performance and also reduce the range anxiety that relates to the poor adoption of BEVs [9][10][11][12][13]. The design of programs and policies alongside the innovation in battery technology are expected to jolt the system and stimulate a future rapid BEV growth, as reflected in demand assessments predicting reasonable market shares by 2020 [1,14,15] and conspicuous market shares by 2030-2050 [14,[16][17][18]. However, the market penetration of BEVs has been lethargic because of high costs [9,[19][20][21], significant limits in driving range [22,23], anxiety and uncertainty related to the driving range [10,[24][25][26], notable deficiencies in public charging infrastructure [27][28][29][30], and specific battery issues such as limited charge cycle and questionable stability [31][32][33][34].…”