Key factors influencing metal concentrations in sediments along Western European Rivers: A long-term monitoring study (1945–2020)

Irreversible and Large‐Scale Heavy Metal Pollution Arising From Increased Damming and Untreated Water Reuse in the Nile Delta

“…The abrupt increase in heavy metal concentrations following the year 2012 could indicate that the Nile Delta started the acceleration phase of its pollution in response to the extensive use of untreated agricultural drainage water and direct discharge of partially treated municipal and industrial wastewater. Similar trends of accelerated heavy metal pollution have been reported in the major rivers in Europe such as the downstream of the Thames between 1940 and 1963 (Vane et al., 2020), the downstream of the Seine, Rhône, and Garonne‐Lot River systems between 1960 and 1970 in response to increasing releases of urban industrial zones located upstream from the studied rivers (Dendievel et al., 2022). However, the lessons learned from long‐term data series in the above mentioned rivers as well as the Baltic Sea (Reusch et al., 2018) indicate that the contamination status in the Nile Delta system can reach a plateau and then recovery in a few years (Dendievel et al., 2022).…”

Trace organic contaminants within solid matrices along an anthropized watercourse: Organo-mineral controls on their spatial distribution

“…Therefore, SPM and sediment contamination appear to provide almost the same information about the contamination state of a water body, in terms of TrOC diversity. However, the more favourable organo-mineral properties of SPM imply higher levels of contamination, as previously observed for other contaminants (Dendievel et al, 2022), that may be easier to analyse and involve more consistent values for the evaluation of the chemical status.…”

Bayesian-Based Approaches to Exploring the Long-Term Alteration in Trace Metals of Surface Water and Its Driving Forces

“…The influence of seasonality on metal concentrations was evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) Test (α = 0.05) after homoscedasticity analysis. Kruskal–Wallis test (α = 0.05) was used to analyze the pairwise difference between MIs in sub-basins (upstream, midstream, and downstream) . The variance partitioning analysis (VPA) was used to determine the percentage impact of influential factors on trace metal pollution after z-score normalized data .…”

“…Kruskal−Wallis test (α = 0.05) was used to analyze the pairwise difference between MIs in sub-basins (upstream, midstream, and downstream). 18 The variance partitioning analysis (VPA) was used to determine the percentage impact of influential factors on trace metal pollution after z-score normalized data. 71 The raw explained variation R 2 was adjusted during the analysis.…”

“…In 2012, the European Environment Agency reported that trace metals were the cause of 20% of the European rivers with poor chemical status . Recently, the high health and ecological risks from metal river pollution were still reported in developing countries. − It has been proved that these long-term metal pollutions in rivers were tightly associated with increasing anthropogenic activities, such as urbanization and industrialization, − mineral resource exploitation, , and agricultural activities. , Furthermore, as the sink and source of trace metals in rivers, the sediments can immobilize the metals for an extended period , but remobilize them under environmental disturbances. − This phenomenon has been frequently observed during periodic flooding. , These source-sink dynamics of trace metals in rivers pose another chronic threat to the river ecosystem. To understand the long-term variation in metal pollution in river systems, it is essential to clarify the primary driving forces from multiple anthropogenic and environmental disturbances.…”