Key design selections for the 20.4 MWh SMES/ETM

Loyd, R.J.; Walsh, T.E.; Kimmy, E.R.

doi:10.1109/20.133520

Cited by 30 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Figure 11.3 illustrates this for different voltage and current combinations [6]. Figure 11.3 illustrates this for different voltage and current combinations [6].…”

Section: Power Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 92%

Power Conversion for High Energy Storage

Arrillaga

Liu

Watson

et al. 2009

Self‐Commutating Converters for High Power Applications

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Very high current conversion is not restricted to industrial applications. Complications arising from greater penetration of photo-voltaic and wind generation, and increased diurnal load variability have seen renewed interest in large-scale electrical load-levelling technology, to remove the dependence on gas-fired peaking plant during high demand periods and to better utilize cheaper base load generation when demand is low.Load-levelling schemes utilizing pumped storage have been successful in over 150 installations worldwide, but with efficiencies as low as 60-70%, owing to the conversion to an intermediate medium for storage. Better efficiencies are reached with battery, flywheel and compressed air energy storage, though they currently lack the energy density necessary for levelling on a large scale.Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), a technology first proposed during the 1970s oil crisis to reduce the use of expensive oil peaking plant, uses a high-power AC/DC converter to store energy directly from the AC system in the magnetic field of a supercooled inductor. High energy density is made possible with large inductances, and extremely high DC currents (in excess of 100 kA); projected storage levels of 5000 MWh were reported at the time.Because the energy storage requires no change from one medium to another (other than AC/DC conversion), the SMES exhibits very low losses, with round trip efficiencies of 90-95%. The fast bidirectional operation of the converter permits power-flow direction change in a few cycles, which makes SMES technology suitable for improving voltage stability, providing spinning reserve and in short-duration very high-current applications, such as pulse lasers and fusion reactors.Early SMES designs had problems with limited converter controllability and involved coils with considerable civil complexity. Although some prototypes were designed [1] and Self-Commutating Converters for High Power Applications

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“…Figure 11.3 illustrates this for different voltage and current combinations [6]. Figure 11.3 illustrates this for different voltage and current combinations [6].…”

Section: Power Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 92%

Power Conversion for High Energy Storage

Arrillaga

Liu

Watson

et al. 2009

Self‐Commutating Converters for High Power Applications

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“…Large scale superconducting magnetic energy storage systems, such as those anticipated by the Engineering Test Model, [2] [3] have focused on the benefits of load leveling to electrical utilities. To be economically competitive, these systems must store and deliver large amounts of energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SSD operating experience

Daugherty

Buckles

Knudtson

et al. 1993

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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Superconductivity, Inc. has developed a selfcontained system called the SSDW that uses the energy stored in a superconducting magnet to provide voltage support for large electrical loads. This paper reports on operating experience gained during the development and first two years of SSD field operation. The SSD delivers energy from its superconducting magnet to a customer's load using a current-to-voltage converter which feeds an inverter. Two different systems have been developed based on different inverter topologies. One configuration supports an adjustable speed motor load. The other supports diverse ac loads and incorporates a static isolation switch. After commissioning on SI's test floor these systems have been installed at customer sites. Each system has successfully carried industrial loads through numerous voltage sags. Field operating data on both system configurations is reported. A companion paper by Buckles et. al.[I] contains a detailed discussion of the design of the SSD.

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“…The US Government has funded extensive development work on a 72 GJ (20 MWh) system, the SMESEngineering Test Model (ETM) [5], [6]. Companies in Japan, Switzerland and Canada [7] have announced plans to construct SMES systems during the next decade.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The SSD: a commercial application of magnetic energy storage

Buckles

Daugherty

Weber

et al. 1993

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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Abstruct-A magnetic energy storage system (SSDTM) has been developed by Superconductivity, Inc. to provide power to industrial electric loads subjected to short term voltage disturbances. This paper provides an overview of the SSD system as presently installed at customer sites including magnet, cryostat, refrigeration and power conditioning equipment. Electric power interruptions are unpredictable in time but are typically of short duration. The SSD system provides rapid response backup power by means of a superconducting magnet connected to the load through a current to voltage converter and a dc to ac inverter. Power flows from the magnet to the load when the line voltage drops below a preset value. The magnet is designed with terminal characteristics matched to the inverter dc voltage, connected load and required carryover time. Cryogen inventory is maintained through use of a Collins cycle liquefier. All system components are designed for long term unattended operation and can be mounted in a semi-trailer. Remote monitoring provides information on system performance and status. A companion paper [l] reviews system operating experience.

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Key design selections for the 20.4 MWh SMES/ETM

Cited by 30 publications

References 4 publications

Power Conversion for High Energy Storage

Power Conversion for High Energy Storage

SSD operating experience

The SSD: a commercial application of magnetic energy storage

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