Key design and layout factors influencing performance of three-way catalytic converters: Experimental and semidecoupled numerical study under real-life driving conditions

Deng, Banglin; Chen, Zetao; Sun, Chengqi; Zhang, Shoujun; Yu, Weijiao; Huang, Min; Hou, Kaihong; Ran, Jiaqi; Zhou, Lili; Chen, Chao; Pan, Xinxiang

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138993

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…This can be explained via Figure 4 (fuel consumption map) and Figure 5 (proportion distribution of engine operating points). From these figures, we can summarize some features: (1) during real driving (RSRDC), the operating points exhibit a wider distribution (also see Figure 2); (2) this means that during road driving, more operating points are located within the low-efficiency zone. In the blue dotted circle zone (bottom right corner of Figure 4), the WHTC has almost no extreme operating points (BSFC > 400 g/kW•h), while many operating points are located within this zone for RSRDC (see Figure 4b); moreover, the proportion of BSFC > 350 g/kW•h is only 2.6% for WHTC, while it is 5.8% for the RSRDC.…”

Section: Fuel Consumption and Specific Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Currently, as one of the most widely used power sources, internal combustion engines (ICEs) produce vast quantities of harmful pollutants [1,2]. The China Mobile Source Environmental Management Annual Report (2022) [3] illustrates that, during 2021 in China, motor vehicles emitted 7.683, 2.004, 5.821, and 0.069 million tons of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), oxynitride (NOx), and particulate matter (PM), respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparative Investigation of the Emissions of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine under World Harmonized Transient Cycle and Road Spectrum Cycle

Deng,

Yu,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Energies

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In the present study, detailed comparative experiments on a heavy-duty diesel engine used in the world harmonized transient cycle (WHTC) and road spectrum reversely deduced cycle (RSRDC, which was derived from a road test) were carried out. Fuel consumption and gaseous and particulate pollutants, along with some engine operation parameters, were measured transiently; thus, specific emissions can be calculated. Results showed that the BSFC of WHTC and RSRDC was 201.8 and 210 g/kW·h, respectively, because the real road driving cycle (RSRDC) had wider operating point distributions and more points located in the low-efficiency zone relative to WHTC. Thus, WHTC operations exhibited higher raw CO (abundant CO formation needed a specific temperature threshold) and NOx but lower HC. Furthermore, with aftertreatment, all pollutants met the newest China regulation limit. Finally, transient emissions were analyzed in detail. Although the specific emissions of some pollutants were similar in value for both cycles, transient processes may largely be different. Therefore, the current study is meaningful, and we not only provide broad and detailed information but also directly compare two types of operations (one is a real road driving cycle) in the laboratory: this is rarely discussed in the literature.

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Section: Fuel Consumption and Specific Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Investigation of the Emissions of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine under World Harmonized Transient Cycle and Road Spectrum Cycle

Deng,

Yu,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Energies

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“…In these three expressions, the kinematic viscosity is given in cPo, and the fuel temperature is given in • C. To know the variation of viscosity with pressure, Equation ( 9), proposed by Kousel, is used [55]. µ f (P, T) = µ f (P 0 , T)exp P 10 4 7.9718 + 37.27967µ f (P 0 , T) 0.278 (9) In this work, kinematic viscosity (υ f ) has been used instead of dynamic viscosity because the former indirectly includes the density value, which allows using one less parameter for the development of correlations.…”

Section: Fuel Dynamic Viscosity Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternative fuels are one of the most promising ways to reduce pollutant emissions, along with modern catalytic aftertreatment systems [5][6][7][8][9][10]. Traditional biodiesels have been a promising substitute for diesel because of their good thermal efficiency and low CO and SOx emissions [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zero-Dimensional Modeling of the Rate of Injection with a Diesel Common Rail System Using Single-Hole Nozzles with Neat Low-Carbon Fuels

Rojas-Reinoso,

Mata,

Soriano

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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This paper presents a fuel injection rate predictive model based on zero-dimensional correlations from experimental results. This model estimates the fuel injection rate behavior with varying parameters such as fuel injection pressure-injector energizing, the injection nozzle geometrical characteristics, and fuel viscosity. The model approach was carried out with diesel fuel. Then, the model was applied to the use of two alternative low-carbon fuels without diesel. An experimental methodology was used under controlled conditions, employing an injection rate indicator to measure the injection parameters in real time. The setup was carried out on a pump test bench using a common rail injection system. The results show that the model can be adapted to different injection conditions and fuels.

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“…The harmful gases emitted by internal combustion engines can be classified into exhaust gases and blow-by gas (BB). Exhaust gases from gasoline engines are treated through a three-way catalyst (TWC), while diesel engines undergo after-treatment systems before being discharged to the outside [1,2]. BB is the gas discharged through a gap between the cylinder and piston during the compression or explosion stroke and accumulates in the crankcase owing to the mixture of unburned and combustion gases with engine oil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Study on Prediction of Icing Phenomena in Fresh Air and Blow-by Gas Mixing Region of Diesel Engine under High Velocity of Intake Air Condition

Yoon,

Lee,

Park

2024

Energies

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The icing of an intake pipe that might happen in an actual vehicle was numerically predicted in this study. For various operating conditions, the amount of icing was estimated, and the variables influencing the amount of icing were identified. We compared the factors that affected icing: relative humidity, air temperature, and inlet velocity. Seven RPM and load conditions, an intake temperature range of 253–268 K, and a relative humidity range of 65–85% were used for the case studies. To verify the model accuracy, wind tunnel test results from chassis dynometer tests were compared to the data from simulations. The flow analysis was performed using the numerical analytical tool ANSYS Fluent (2019 R1), while the amount of condensed water and icing was predicted using FENSAP-ICE, a program that analyzes and predicts icing phenomena under mechanical systems. The ambient temperature, relative humidity, and inlet air velocity had the biggest effects on the icing rate. The total amount of icing increased for similar BB and input air velocities. When the input air and BB velocities are the same, the variables influencing icing are the ambient temperature and relative humidity. The amount of ice was less affected by outside temperature and relative humidity when the rpm was high, and the inlet air velocity also had an impact.

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Key design and layout factors influencing performance of three-way catalytic converters: Experimental and semidecoupled numerical study under real-life driving conditions

Cited by 11 publications

References 51 publications

A Comparative Investigation of the Emissions of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine under World Harmonized Transient Cycle and Road Spectrum Cycle

A Comparative Investigation of the Emissions of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine under World Harmonized Transient Cycle and Road Spectrum Cycle

Zero-Dimensional Modeling of the Rate of Injection with a Diesel Common Rail System Using Single-Hole Nozzles with Neat Low-Carbon Fuels

Numerical Study on Prediction of Icing Phenomena in Fresh Air and Blow-by Gas Mixing Region of Diesel Engine under High Velocity of Intake Air Condition

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