2012
DOI: 10.1631/jzus.a12isgt1
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Key aspects on the behaviour of the ballast and substructure of a modern railway track: research-based practical observations in Finland

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Cited by 14 publications
(7 citation statements)
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“…Owing to the influence of the base plate length (25 m), the peak frequency of the vertical spectral density was 0.2 and 0.85 for PRBT, and the corresponding sensitive wavelengths were 5 and 1.2 m, respectively, representing an approximate proportionality of 25 : 5 : 1:2% 1 1 : 1 5 : 1…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Owing to the influence of the base plate length (25 m), the peak frequency of the vertical spectral density was 0.2 and 0.85 for PRBT, and the corresponding sensitive wavelengths were 5 and 1.2 m, respectively, representing an approximate proportionality of 25 : 5 : 1:2% 1 1 : 1 5 : 1…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These beds have been widely used worldwide owing to their advantages such as good elasticity, high damping capacity, high water permeability, and ease of maintenance. [1][2][3] However, when the train speed increases, the amplitude and frequency of dynamic loads on the ballasted track beds increase. 4,5 The accumulated deformation and uneven settlement of the ballasted beds also increase with an increase in the train speed, [6][7][8] which severely affects the smoothness, stability, and reliability of the highspeed railway.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Concerning the most developed countries (e.g., member states of EU, USA or Japan), typical aggregate demand ranging from 5 to 6 t per capita and year are driven mainly by maintenance or rebuilding of existing infrastructure, although development of new infrastructure such as highspeed railways plays important role as well due to strict requirements on aggregate quality (Indraratna et al 2011;Nurmikolu 2012;Zhang et al 2019).…”
Section: World Production Of Aggregatesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is worthy of mention that the railway industry has initiated use of GPR technology in mid-nineties in Europe (mainly in Switzerland, UK, Finland), and North America (Saarenketo 2006). GPR has been used in a wide range of applications for railway infrastructure monitoring including the determination of layer thicknesses (Fernandes et al 2008), investigation of the embankment stability (Sussmann et al 2003;Donohue et al 2011), localisation of trapped water areas (Hyslip et al 2003), indirect estimation of track modulus from GPR (Narayanan et al 2004), detection of permafrost sections (Saarenketo et al 2003;Du et al 2011;Nurmikolu 2012;Guo et al 2015). A repetition of GPR measurements over time allows to predict the deterioration rate of a track substructure (especially ballast) and to control the effectiveness of maintenance activities.…”
Section: Ground Penetrating Radar (Gpr)mentioning
confidence: 99%