Key Aspects of Coronavirus Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus

Zhao, Jing; Zhao, Ye; Zhang, Guozhong

doi:10.3390/pathogens12050698

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…The current classification scheme classifies IBV into seven genotypes (GI-GVII) and a total of 35 distinct lineages [ 8 ]. QX-type (GI-19) strains are the most prevalent in six Asian countries, including Japan, Korea, India, Indonesia, Thailand, and China, and 793B-type (GI-13) strains are the second most prevalent lineage in these countries except Korea [ 21 ]. However, during 2013–2015, 89.8% isolates were the QX-type (GI-19), TW I-type (GI-7), and 4/91-type (GI-13) [ 21 ], with the QX-type (GI-19) as the most common isolates (46.7%) in China [ 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…QX-type (GI-19) strains are the most prevalent in six Asian countries, including Japan, Korea, India, Indonesia, Thailand, and China, and 793B-type (GI-13) strains are the second most prevalent lineage in these countries except Korea [ 21 ]. However, during 2013–2015, 89.8% isolates were the QX-type (GI-19), TW I-type (GI-7), and 4/91-type (GI-13) [ 21 ], with the QX-type (GI-19) as the most common isolates (46.7%) in China [ 22 ]. In 2016–2018, an epidemiological survey conducted in Henan, Hubei, and Hunan provinces showed that the prevalence of GI-19 (QX) was 48.2% in 56 isolates [ 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence, Genotype Diversity, and Distinct Pathogenicity of 205 Gammacoronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus Isolates in China during 2019–2023

Xiong,

Xie,

et al. 2024

Viruses

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Gammacoronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes a highly contagious disease in chickens and seriously endangers the poultry industry. The emergence and co-circulation of diverse IBV serotypes and genotypes with distinct pathogenicity worldwide pose a serious challenge to the development of effective intervention measures. In this study, we report the epidemic trends of IBV in China from 2019 to 2023 and a comparative analysis on the antigenic characteristics and pathogenicity of isolates among major prevalent lineages. Phylogenetic and recombination analyses based on the nucleotide sequences of the spike (S) 1 gene clustered a total of 205 isolates into twelve distinct lineages, with GI-19 as a predominant lineage (61.77 ± 4.56%) exhibiting an overall increasing trend over the past five years, and demonstrated that a majority of the variants were derived from gene recombination events. Further characterization of the growth and pathogenic properties of six representative isolates from different lineages classified four out of the six isolates as nephropathogenic types with mortality rates in one-day-old SPF chickens varying from 20–60%, one as a respiratory type with weak virulence, and one as a naturally occurring avirulent strain. Taken together, our findings illuminate the epidemic trends, prevalence, recombination, and pathogenicity of current IBV strains in China, providing key information for further strengthening the surveillance and pathogenicity studies of IBV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Genotype Diversity, and Distinct Pathogenicity of 205 Gammacoronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus Isolates in China during 2019–2023

Xiong,

Xie,

et al. 2024

Viruses

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“…Its genomic RNA is translated into fourteen non-structural proteins, four structural proteins, and four accessory proteins [117,118]. Infectious bronchitis, due to the rapid IBV mutations, can now be diagnosed in different avian species beyond chickens, leading to constant-health and economic-risk factors for the poultry industry [119]. As the first known coronavirus and study model for gammacoronaviruses, it is known that IBV can recruit ER stress and the UPR mechanism to promote viral pathogenesis [120].…”

Section: Gammacoronaviruses: the Case Of Infectious Bronchitis Virus ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Activation of Unfolded Protein Response Mechanism during Coronavirus Infection

Keramidas,

Pitou,

Papachristou

et al. 2024

CIMB

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Coronaviruses represent a significant class of viruses that affect both animals and humans. Their replication cycle is strongly associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which, upon virus invasion, triggers ER stress responses. The activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) within infected cells is performed from three transmembrane receptors, IRE1, PERK, and ATF6, and results in a reduction in protein production, a boost in the ER’s ability to fold proteins properly, and the initiation of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) to remove misfolded or unfolded proteins. However, in cases of prolonged and severe ER stress, the UPR can also instigate apoptotic cell death and inflammation. Herein, we discuss the ER-triggered host responses after coronavirus infection, as well as the pharmaceutical targeting of the UPR as a potential antiviral strategy.

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“…Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute and highly contagious disease caused by the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), affecting the respiratory, reproductive, nervous, and urinary systems of chickens [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. In the global poultry industry, IBV is one of the most important viruses that seriously threatens the development of the industry [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering the Genetic Variation: A Comparative Analysis of Parental and Attenuated Strains of the QXL87 Vaccine for Infectious Bronchitis

Wang,

Bo,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Animals

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The QXL87 live attenuated vaccine strain for infectious bronchitis represents the first approved QX type (GI-19 lineage) vaccine in China. This strain was derived from the parental strain CK/CH/JS/2010/12 through continuous passage in SPF chicken embryos. To elucidate the molecular mechanism behind its attenuation, whole-genome sequencing was conducted on both the parental and attenuated strains. Analysis revealed 145 nucleotide mutations in the attenuated strain, leading to 48 amino acid mutations in various proteins, including Nsp2 (26), Nsp3 (14), Nsp4 (1), S (4), 3a (1), E (1), and N (1). Additionally, a frameshift mutation caused by a single base insertion in the ORFX resulted in a six-amino-acid extension. Subsequent comparison of post-translational modification sites, protein structure, and protein–protein binding sites between the parental and attenuated strains identified three potential virulence genes: Nsp2, Nsp3, and S. The amino acid mutations in these proteins not only altered their conformation but also affected the distribution of post-translational modification sites and protein–protein interaction sites. Furthermore, three potential functional mutation sites—P106S, A352T, and L472F, all located in the Nsp2 protein—were identified through PROVEAN, PolyPhen, and I-Mutant. Overall, our findings suggest that Nsp2, Nsp3, and S proteins may play a role in modulating IBV pathogenicity, with a particular focus on the significance of the Nsp2 protein. This study contributes to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying IBV attenuation and holds promise for the development of safer live attenuated IBV vaccines using reverse genetic approaches.

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Key Aspects of Coronavirus Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus

Cited by 12 publications

References 112 publications

Prevalence, Genotype Diversity, and Distinct Pathogenicity of 205 Gammacoronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus Isolates in China during 2019–2023

Prevalence, Genotype Diversity, and Distinct Pathogenicity of 205 Gammacoronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus Isolates in China during 2019–2023

Insights into the Activation of Unfolded Protein Response Mechanism during Coronavirus Infection

Deciphering the Genetic Variation: A Comparative Analysis of Parental and Attenuated Strains of the QXL87 Vaccine for Infectious Bronchitis

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