Key Aspects in Nutritional Management of COVID-19 Patients

Fernández‐Quintela, Alfredo; Milton-Laskíbar, Iñaki; Trepiana, Jenifer; Gómez‐Zorita, Saioa; Kajarabille, Naroa; Léniz, Asier; González, Marcela; Baquedano, María Puy Portillo

doi:10.3390/jcm9082589

Cited by 121 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant and interferes with the immune system [47]. It is involved in the function and integrity of mucosal cells, the normal functioning of T cells while it also exerts antimicrobial effects [37]. Vitamin C concentration is high in leukocytes and it is utilized in case of infection [48].…”

Section: Vitamin Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zinc plays a role in maintaining the integrity of mucosal cells and antigen response [37]. It has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects [37]. Moreover, it has been found to inhibit the activity and replication of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1) [114] while it has a role in interferon- production [115].…”

Section: Zinc Copper Magnesium and Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Copper can prevent oxidative DNA damage and decrease inflammatory markers [37], since it is a part of antioxidant enzymes such as Zn-Cu-superoxide dismutase and ceruloplasmin [119]. Its deficiency is connected with an increase rate of infections [120], which may be related to its role in T-cell proliferation and NK activity [115].…”

Section: Zinc Copper Magnesium and Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Supplementary iron intake has been found to reduce respiratory infections [122] while pulmonary iron modulation represents a defensive mechanism against various respiratory pathogens [123]. Despite the important role of iron in the immune system, iron-containing enzymes are essential for the replication of coronavirus [124] and the chelation of iron compounds may prove beneficial [37]. Iron can also modulate interferon production [115].…”

Section: Zinc Copper Magnesium and Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the modulation of PAF by dietary parameters has been shown to affect the manifestation of disease [36]. Given the newly suggested role of PAF and its dietary inhibitors in the COVID-19 epidemic in limited works [2,10,13,37], the scope of the present mini-review is to thoroughly present the potential anti-PAF actions of nutrients "protecting" against COVID-19. We further suggest that the well-known anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic actions of micronutrients, non-nutrients and/ or holistic dietary schemes are also mediated through PAF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Micronutrients, Non-Nutrients and Mediterranean Diet: A Potential Protective Role Against COVID-19 through Modulation of PAF Actions and Metabolism

Detopoulou¹,

Demopoulos²,

Antonopoulou³

2020

Preprint

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The new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an emerging situation with high rates of morbidity and mortality, in the pathophysiology of which inflammation and thrombosis are implicated. The disease is directly connected to the nutritional status of patients and a well-balanced diet is recommended by official sources. Recently, the role of platelet activating factor (PAF) was suggested in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In the present review several micronutrients (vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin D, selenium, omega-3 fatty acids, minerals), phytonutrients and Mediterranean diet compounds (olive oil, fish, honey, plant foods) with potential anti-COVID activity are presented. We further underline that the well-known anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic actions of the investigated nutrients and/ or holistic dietary schemes, such as the Mediterranean diet, are also mediated through PAF. In conclusion, although there is no single food to prevent coronavirus, the aim is to follow a healthy diet containing PAF inhibitors in order to target both inflammation and thrombosis and try to avoid or/and reduce the deleterious effects of the COVID-19 epidemic.

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Section: Vitamin Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Zinc Copper Magnesium and Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Zinc Copper Magnesium and Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Zinc Copper Magnesium and Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Micronutrients, Non-Nutrients and Mediterranean Diet: A Potential Protective Role Against COVID-19 through Modulation of PAF Actions and Metabolism

Detopoulou¹,

Demopoulos²,

Antonopoulou³

2020

Preprint

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Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Emergency Allotments and Food Security, Hospitalizations, and Hospital Capacity

2023

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ImportanceUnderstanding how social policies shape health is a national priority, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.ObjectiveTo understand the association between politically motivated changes to Nebraska’s Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) policy and public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used synthetic control methods to estimate the association of Nebraska’s decision to reject emergency allotments for the SNAP with food security and hospital capacity indicators. A counterfactual for Nebraska was created by weighting data from the rest of the US. State-level changes in Nebraska between March 2020 and March 2021 were included. Data were acquired from the Census Bureau’s Household Pulse Survey on individual food security and mental health indicators and from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on hospital-level capacity indicators. Data analysis occurred between October 2022 and June 2023.InterventionThe rejection of additional SNAP funds for low-income households in Nebraska from August to November 2020.Main Outcomes and MeasuresFood insecurity and inpatient bed use indicators (ie, inpatient beds filled, inpatient beds filled by patients with COVID-19, and inpatients with COVID-19).ResultsThe survey data of 1 591 006 respondents from May 2020 to November 2020 was analyzed, and 24 869 (1.56%) lived in Nebraska. Nebraska’s population was composed of proportionally more White individuals (mean [SD], 88.70% [0.29%] vs 78.28% [0.26%]; P &lt; .001), fewer individuals who made more than $200 000 in 2019 (4.20% [0.45%] vs 5.22% [0.12%]; P &lt; .001), and more households sized 1 to 3 (63.41% [2.29%] vs 61.13% [1.10%); P = .03) compared with other states. Nebraska’s rejection of additional funding for SNAP recipients was associated with increases in food insecurity (raw mean [SD] difference 1.61% [1.30%]; relative difference, 19.63%; P = .02), percentage of inpatient beds filled by patients with COVID-19 (raw mean [SD] difference, 0.19% [1.55%]; relative difference, 3.90%; P = .02), and percentage of inpatient beds filled (raw mean [SD] difference, 2.35% [1.82%]; relative difference, 4.10%; P = .02).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, the association between social policy, food security, health, and public health resources was examined, and the rejection of emergency allotments in Nebraska was associated with increased food insecurity. Additionally, this intervention was associated with an increased rate of hospitalizations for COVID-19 and non–COVID-19 causes.

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Nutritional and lifestyle changes required for minimizing the recovery period in home quarantined COVID‐19 patients of Punjab, Pakistan

Rabail

Saleem

Tanveer

et al. 2021

Food Science & Nutrition

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The COVID‐19 pandemic has introduced a new battle in human history for a safe and fearless life. Therefore, this cross‐sectional survey was conducted (Punjab, Pakistan) on healthy recovered, home quarantined COVID‐19 patients to draw conclusive health support guidelines in the fight against this pandemic. COVID‐19 recovered patients ( n = 80) of age ≥14 years were randomly selected during the period November 2020 to February 2021. A nutrition and lifestyle changes questionnaire, containing ten sections and seventy questions, was completed through the telephone/WhatsApp. Data were transferred into an Excel spreadsheet and statistically analyzed by applying chi‐square, correlation, and a t test of independent values using SPSS‐16 software. The patients had an age range of 14 to 80 years, of which 52 (65%) were male and 28 (35%) were female, and 32 (40%) had a normal BMI. The patients had a peak COVID‐19 recovery period of 2 weeks, and a mean recovery period of 2.8 ± 1.4 weeks. Certain variables, including gender (males), age (>40 years), sleep (≤5 hr), less/no physical activity, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and autoimmune diseases, were significantly associated with delayed recovery. Poor nutritional outcomes, including lower intakes of water, legumes, nuts, meat, and milk/yogurt; and higher consumption of fast/fried/junk/spicy foods and cold water/drinks, were also significantly associated with a longer recovery period. The results were similar for not taking daily doses of multivitamins, and vitamins C, D, E, and zinc. This study identified that staying physically active, maintaining sensible body weight, having a sleep of 7 hr, consuming more foods of plant origin especially plant‐based proteins from nuts and legumes, taking supplemental doses of multivitamins, vitamin D, E, and zinc, along with drinking ≥2 L of water daily can provide a significant role in early and safe recovery from COVID‐19.

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Key Aspects in Nutritional Management of COVID-19 Patients

Cited by 121 publications

References 132 publications

Micronutrients, Non-Nutrients and Mediterranean Diet: A Potential Protective Role Against COVID-19 through Modulation of PAF Actions and Metabolism

Micronutrients, Non-Nutrients and Mediterranean Diet: A Potential Protective Role Against COVID-19 through Modulation of PAF Actions and Metabolism

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Emergency Allotments and Food Security, Hospitalizations, and Hospital Capacity

Nutritional and lifestyle changes required for minimizing the recovery period in home quarantined COVID‐19 patients of Punjab, Pakistan

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