Key Arctic phototrophs are widespread in the polar night

Vader, Anna; Marquardt, Miriam; Meshram, Archana R.; Gabrielsen, Tove M.

doi:10.1007/s00300-014-1570-2

Cited by 52 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The Arctic Micromonas ecotype, which is dominant and widespread in Arctic waters (58,(62)(63)(64), was recently shown to be capable of phagotrophy (65). Living cells of the Arctic Micromonas ecotype have been detected around Spitsbergen even during the polar night (15,40). Winter-spring transition and bloom dynamics: low diversity and evenness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Organisms were collected on 0.45-m Durapore filters (Millipore, USA) using vacuum filtration, either in the field (RNA) or upon return to the laboratory. All filters were snap-frozen and were stored at Ϫ80°C until further analysis (see reference 40). Seawater from the same depths was used for measurement of nutrients (silicate, phosphate, nitrate, and nitrite [ Table 1] [values reported in the work of A. M. Kubiszyn, J. M. Wiktor, J. M. Wiktor, Jr., C. Griffiths, S. Kristiansen, and T. M. Gabrielsen {sub-mitted for publication}]), particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON) (values from seven cruises reported in reference 41), and fractionated chlorophyll a (Chl a) biomass (biomass of cells Ͼ10 m and total Chl a [the latter reported by Stübner et al {86}]).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Strong Seasonality of Marine Microbial Eukaryotes in a High-Arctic Fjord (Isfjorden, in West Spitsbergen, Norway)

Marquardt

Vader²,

Stübner

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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107

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bThe Adventfjorden time series station (IsA) in Isfjorden, West Spitsbergen, Norway, was sampled frequently from December 2011 to December 2012. The community composition of microbial eukaryotes (size, 0.45 to 10 m) from a depth of 25 m was determined using 454 sequencing of the 18S V4 region amplified from both DNA and RNA. The compositional changes throughout the year were assessed in relation to in situ fjord environmental conditions. Size fractionation analyses of chlorophyll a showed that the photosynthetic biomass was dominated by small cells (<10 m) most of the year but that larger cells dominated during the spring and summer. The winter and early-spring communities were more diverse than the spring and summer/autumn communities. Dinophyceae were predominant throughout the year. The Arctic Micromonas ecotype was abundant mostly in the early-bloom and fall periods, whereas heterotrophs, such as marine stramenopiles (MASTs), Picozoa, and the parasitoid marine alveolates (MALVs), displayed higher relative abundance in the winter than in other seasons. Our results emphasize the extreme seasonality of Arctic microbial eukaryotic communities driven by the light regime and nutrient availability but point to the necessity of a thorough knowledge of hydrography for full understanding of their succession and variability. Microbial eukaryotes are critically important for the functioning of marine ecosystems as primary producers (1, 2) and consumers (3, 4) of carbon, as well as maintainers of biogeochemical cycles (5-7). In Arctic waters, where marine planktonic cyanobacteria are infrequent, marine microbial eukaryotes are the predominant primary producers (8-10). In spite of their importance, our knowledge of the diversity and role of picosized (0.2 to 2 m) and nanosized (2 to 20 m) (11) eukaryotic plankton is still limited in extreme areas.High-Arctic regions are characterized by extreme seasonality in light conditions, with 24 h of sunlight in summer giving way to several months of complete darkness in winter. The cold, dark polar night period at high latitudes strongly limits the activity of autotrophic organisms, and Arctic species in general have to adjust to the timing of seasonal events (12). The few studies performed during the Arctic winter-spring transition suggest a strong seasonal response by the microbial community to irradiance (13)(14)(15). Most studies of Arctic microbial eukaryotes have so far utilized traditional identification techniques, such as microscopy, and focused on bloom-forming pelagic protists (4, 16-18). The development of molecular techniques, especially high-throughput sequencing (HTS), has made it possible to study the diversity and assemblages of pico-and nanosized eukaryotic plankton as well (19)(20)(21)(22). This has resulted in several diversity surveys of microbial eukaryotes from the Arctic Ocean and the shelf seas (23-27). Pico-and nanosized planktons are now known to govern major processes in the oceans to a larger degree than previously assumed (6,7,28,29). Furthermore, 18S ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong Seasonality of Marine Microbial Eukaryotes in a High-Arctic Fjord (Isfjorden, in West Spitsbergen, Norway)

Marquardt

Vader²,

Stübner

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

Self Cite

107

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“…Due to its motility and capability to grow 424 (Table 2; Halsey et al, 2014;McKie-Krisberg and 426 Sanders, 2014). An increased importance of this species would thus not only affect the food 427 web due to its small size and concurrent grazer preferences, but also in terms of food quality 428 (van de Waal and Boersma, 2012). This could indicate that higher growth rates and thus 429 abundances of this species may strengthen the Arctic microbial food web.…”

Section: Implications For the Current And Future Arctic Pelagic Ecosymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, the globally occurring 43 prasinophyte Micromonas pusilla is considered the most abundant species in the Arctic ocean 44 (Šlapeta et al, 2006;Lovejoy et al, 2007;Marquardt et al, 2016). In this environment, strong 45 stratification causes nutrient limitation throughout the summer and autumn months (Tremblay 46 et al, 2015), and the occurrence of the polar night requires organisms to either form resting 47 stages or to have heterotrophic capacities (Tremblay et al, 2009;Lovejoy, 2014;Berge et al, 48 2015;Vader et al, 2015). 49…”

Section: Introduction 28mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Arctic picoeukaryote <i>Micromonas</i> pusilla benefits synergistically from warming and ocean acidification

Hoppe¹,

Flintrop²,

Rost³

2018

Preprint

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15In the Arctic Ocean, climate change effects such as warming and ocean acidification (OA) are 16 manifesting faster than in other regions. Yet, we are lacking a mechanistic understanding of the 17 interactive effects of these drivers on Arctic primary producers. In the current study, one of the 18 most abundant species of the Arctic Ocean, the prasinophyte Micromonas pusilla, was exposed 19 to a range of different pCO 2 levels at two temperatures representing realistic scenarios for 20 current and future conditions. We observed that warming and OA synergistically increased 21 growth rates at intermediate to high pCO 2 levels. Furthermore, elevated temperatures shifted 22 the pCO 2 -optimum of biomass production to higher levels. Based on changes in cellular 23 composition and photophysiology, we hypothesise that the observed synergies can be explained 24 by beneficial effects of warming on carbon fixation in combination with facilitated carbon 25 acquisition under OA. Our findings help to understand the higher abundances of picoeukaryotes 26 such as M. pusilla under OA, as has been observed in many mesocosm studies. 27Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi

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“…As was expected, chlorophyll concentrations were very low during our study period and across our study area (78°-81°N). Vader et al (2014) showed, using a molecular approach, that M. pusilla and P. pouchetii are widely distributed in Svalbard waters also at the height of the polar night. Both species were detected in pelagic samples from both fjords and the open ocean, ice-covered and ice-free locations, shallow and deep water and from Atlantic, Arctic, and Coastal water masses.…”

Section: Highlights and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction to the special issue on polar night studies conducted onboard RV Helmer Hanssen in the Svalbard area

Lønne¹,

Falk‐Petersen

Berge

2014

Polar Biol

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Key Arctic phototrophs are widespread in the polar night

Cited by 52 publications

References 39 publications

Strong Seasonality of Marine Microbial Eukaryotes in a High-Arctic Fjord (Isfjorden, in West Spitsbergen, Norway)

Strong Seasonality of Marine Microbial Eukaryotes in a High-Arctic Fjord (Isfjorden, in West Spitsbergen, Norway)

The Arctic picoeukaryote <i>Micromonas</i> pusilla benefits synergistically from warming and ocean acidification

Introduction to the special issue on polar night studies conducted onboard RV Helmer Hanssen in the Svalbard area

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Key Arctic phototrophs are widespread in the polar night

Cited by 52 publications

References 39 publications

Strong Seasonality of Marine Microbial Eukaryotes in a High-Arctic Fjord (Isfjorden, in West Spitsbergen, Norway)

Strong Seasonality of Marine Microbial Eukaryotes in a High-Arctic Fjord (Isfjorden, in West Spitsbergen, Norway)

The Arctic picoeukaryote &lt;i&gt;Micromonas&lt;/i&gt; pusilla benefits synergistically from warming and ocean acidification

Introduction to the special issue on polar night studies conducted onboard RV Helmer Hanssen in the Svalbard area

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The Arctic picoeukaryote <i>Micromonas</i> pusilla benefits synergistically from warming and ocean acidification