Key airborne concentrations of chemicals for emergency response planning in HAZMAT road transportation- margin of safety or survival

Jabbari, Mousa; Atabi, Farideh; Ghorbani, Roghayeh

doi:10.1016/j.jlp.2020.104139

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…For the same scenarios at the same temperatures, the values of hazard distances obtained from the Dow CEI method were always greater than the values obtained from the ALOHA method. In another study, the only study in the literature where both methods were compared, hazard distances based on ERPG-2 were higher using CEI than ALOHA [16]. These differences were considerably big for scenario A, twice as much on average, while very small for scenario B.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Orozco et al [15] determined the environmental and human effects of a fictitious ammonia release to analyze the risk and benefits of ammonia tanks in an industrial area and presented that the risk of toxic vapor cloud caused by ammonia release is less than the risk of fire and explosion using ALOHA software. Jabbari et al [16] showed that CEI, ALOHA, and PHAST methods could be used in emergency response plans for Iran's road transport fleet in which chlorine, ammonia, benzene, toluene, and 1,3-butadiene were carried in a scenario with full bore rupture of the tankers. Tseng et al [17] simulated the release of toxic substances such as chlorine, epichlorohydrin, and phosgene in storage tanks using ALOHA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Storage Temperature on Threat Zone Caused by an Ammonia Release from a Storage Tank

EKİNCİ¹,

AKMAN²

2022

Hittite Journal of Science and Engineering

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Many hazardous substances are produced, stored and transported in the chemical industry. With the release of these hazardous substances as a result of any uncontrolled development, fire, explosion and toxic spread may occur depending on the nature of the chemical substance. This, in turn, can harm employees, people around, the environment and the economy. In this study, the release of ammonia, which has many uses, has been investigated. Ammonia is a flammable and highly toxic substance. As a result of the accidental releasing of ammonia, a fire event can be prevented by measures such as not keeping the ignition sources in the environment. However, although its ignition is prevented, it can cause harm to the people and environment due to its highly toxic nature. Knowing how much area it affects after spreading will shed light on the measures to be taken to prevent or reduce the damages that may occur. In this study, the toxicity of ammonia was taken into account, and the effect of storage temperature on the size of the toxic area to be formed was investigated. This effect was examined with Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmosphere (ALOHA) and DOW’s Chemical Exposure Index (DOW CEI) methods, and the results obtained with both methods were compared.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Storage Temperature on Threat Zone Caused by an Ammonia Release from a Storage Tank

EKİNCİ¹,

AKMAN²

2022

Hittite Journal of Science and Engineering

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“…The numerical value of the probit is between 0 and 8, and the larger the number, the more likely it is that people will die. To calculate the probit values through the present study, the following equation was used 18 :…”

Section: Aterials and M Ethodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the toxic effects of ammonia dispersion: consequence analysis of ammonia leakage in an industrial slaughterhouse

et al. 2021

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Ammonia is a toxic compound and has many toxic effects on humans and the environment. This study was designed to model the consequences of ammonia leakage in an industrial slaughterhouse. Given the potential hazard of ammonia, only the toxic dimension of this gas was evaluated. The scenarios were evaluated in the worst possible condition and in the case of the complete rupture. Findings showed that in case of a catastrophic rupture scenario in reservoir 1 in the first and second 6 months of the year, the distances of 920.37 and 569.38 m from the reservoir in the wind direction were at Emergency Response Planning Guidelines, level 3 (ERPG3), respectively. In reservoir 2, in the first and second 6 months of the year, the distances of 699.58 and 384.86 m from the reservoir were at the ERPG3 level, respectively. In reservoir 3, in the first and second 6 months of the year, the distances of 203.48 and 748.28 m from the reservoir were at the ERPG3 level, respectively. Examination of the probit values showed that in reservoirs 1 and 2, the probit values were more than 4.28 up to 100 m from the reservoirs, and in the reservoir 3, the mortality rates were lower. The findings revealed that the catastrophic rupture of ammonia reservoirs in the studied slaughterhouse and the release of ammonia could lead to the fatality of large numbers of people in ERPG2 and ERPG3 areas. Therefore, it is necessary to take control measures to reduce the vulnerability against such accidents.

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“…In this study, ALOHA consequence modeling software was used to model the outcome of the pool fire scenario in each of the tanks, and to calculate the intensity of the escalation vectors in the location of other tanks. ALOHA software has been used in various studies to model the consequences of the release of hazardous materials, including toxic material releases and various types of fire (6,7).…”

Section: Determining the Escalation Vectors According To The Accident Scenario And Calculating Their Severitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerability Analysis of the Tanks of an Oil Refinery to Fire-Induced Domino Effects Based on Graph Theory

Jabbari

Alibabaei

Kavousi

et al. 2021

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Key airborne concentrations of chemicals for emergency response planning in HAZMAT road transportation- margin of safety or survival

Cited by 18 publications

References 15 publications

The Effect of Storage Temperature on Threat Zone Caused by an Ammonia Release from a Storage Tank

The Effect of Storage Temperature on Threat Zone Caused by an Ammonia Release from a Storage Tank

Evaluation of the toxic effects of ammonia dispersion: consequence analysis of ammonia leakage in an industrial slaughterhouse

Vulnerability Analysis of the Tanks of an Oil Refinery to Fire-Induced Domino Effects Based on Graph Theory

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