Ketogenic Diet Therapies For Epilepsy and Other Conditions

Kossoff, Eric H.; Turner, Zahava; Cervenka, Mackenzie C.; Barron, Bobbie

doi:10.1891/9780826149596

Cited by 7 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Currently, ketogenesis finds application in several fields such as the treatment of various neurological conditions both in children [ 27 ] and adults [ 28 ], gynecology [ 29 ], metabolic syndrome (MetS) [ 29 ], and is of recent interest in the field of oncology as well [ 29 ]. In addition, KD is presently considered the only therapy in the following metabolic disorders: Glucose transporter protein 1 (GLUT-1) deficiency syndrome, Complex 1 mitochondrial disorders (C1MDs), and Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency [ 30 ].…”

Section: Ketogenic Diet: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The various protocols include: The classic ketogenic diet (CKD), in which the ratio between fats and non-fats (carbohydrates + proteins) must be calculated; generally, this ratio is 3:1 or 4:1 (i.e., the intake in grams of fats is three or four times that of non-fats). This protocol is characterized by the higher content of fats compared to the protein portion (slightly reduced or normal) and carbohydrates (greatly reduced) [ 27 ]; The supplementation of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT), in which about 60% of the caloric intake comes from MCT, whose metabolic fate can only be the production of energy; if taken in excess, acetyl-CoA will accumulate, resulting in turn in the biosynthesis of ketones [ 27 ]; The modified Atkins diet (MAD), the most liberal in terms of protein intake and the least restrictive in terms of the need to weigh each food [ 27 ]; The Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD), an extremely restrictive nutritional protocol (600–800 kcal), limited in time (up to 12 weeks), characterized by a minimum protein content (≥75 g/day), a very limited carbohydrate content (30–50 g/day), a fixed amount of fat (20 g/day, mainly from olive oil and omega-3), and micronutrients to meet the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI), in accordance with the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) [ 31 , 34 ]. …”

Section: Ketogenic Diet: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The classic ketogenic diet (CKD), in which the ratio between fats and non-fats (carbohydrates + proteins) must be calculated; generally, this ratio is 3:1 or 4:1 (i.e., the intake in grams of fats is three or four times that of non-fats). This protocol is characterized by the higher content of fats compared to the protein portion (slightly reduced or normal) and carbohydrates (greatly reduced) [ 27 ];…”

Section: Ketogenic Diet: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The supplementation of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT), in which about 60% of the caloric intake comes from MCT, whose metabolic fate can only be the production of energy; if taken in excess, acetyl-CoA will accumulate, resulting in turn in the biosynthesis of ketones [ 27 ];…”

Section: Ketogenic Diet: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Applications of Ketogenic Diets in Patients with Headache: Clinical Recommendations

et al. 2021

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Headaches are among the most prevalent and disabling neurologic disorders and there are several unmet needs as current pharmacological options are inadequate in treating patients with chronic headache, and a growing interest focuses on nutritional approaches as non-pharmacological treatments. Among these, the largest body of evidence supports the use of the ketogenic diet (KD). Exactly 100 years ago, KD was first used to treat drug-resistant epilepsy, but subsequent applications of this diet also involved other neurological disorders. Evidence of KD effectiveness in migraine emerged in 1928, but in the last several year’s different groups of researchers and clinicians began utilizing this therapeutic option to treat patients with drug-resistant migraine, cluster headache, and/or headache comorbid with metabolic syndrome. Here we describe the existing evidence supporting the potential benefits of KDs in the management of headaches, explore the potential mechanisms of action involved in the efficacy in-depth, and synthesize results of working meetings of an Italian panel of experts on this topic. The aim of the working group was to create a clinical recommendation on indications and optimal clinical practice to treat patients with headaches using KDs. The results we present here are designed to advance the knowledge and application of KDs in the treatment of headaches.

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Section: Ketogenic Diet: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ketogenic Diet: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ketogenic Diet: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ketogenic Diet: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Applications of Ketogenic Diets in Patients with Headache: Clinical Recommendations

et al. 2021

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“…In a substantial proportion of patients, this results in a worthwhile reduction in seizures, sometimes seizure-freedom. 5 While the anti-seizure and/or anti-epileptic mechanisms are not fully understood, breach of ketosis by dietary indiscretion or other means may be associated with recurrence of seizures in some but not all cases. Ketosis or ketonuria is monitored on a more or less regular basis in patients on ketogenic diets.…”

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confidence: 99%

Keto-Sleuths – An Unusual Cause of Loss of Ketosis?

Foley

Ryan

Tarrant

et al. 2021

Child Neurology Open

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Ketogenic diets provide a non-pharmaceutical alternative for treatment of refractory epilepsy. When successful in reducing or eliminating seizures, medication numbers or doses may be reduced. Unexpected loss of ketosis is a common problem in management of patients on ketogenic diets and, especially when the diet is an effective treatment, loss of ketosis may be associated with an exacerbation in seizures. Identification of the cause of loss of ketosis is critical to allow rapid resumption of seizure control, and prevention of unnecessarily increased diet restriction or increased medication doses. Here an unusual environmental cause of loss of ketosis is described (contamination with starch-containing drywall dust), illustrating the extent of investigation sometimes necessary to understand the clinical scenario.

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Emerging Therapeutic Promise of Ketogenic Diet to Attenuate Neuropathological Alterations in Alzheimer’s Disease

et al. 2020

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial and chronic neurodegenerative disorder that interferes with memory, thinking, and behavior. The consumption of dietary fat has been considered a vital factor for AD as this disease is related to blood-brain barrier function and cholesterol signaling. The ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE4) is a primary genetic risk factor that encodes one of many proteins accountable for the transport of cholesterol and it is deemed as the leading cholesterol transport proteins in the brain. In case of AD development, the causative factor is the high level of serum/plasma cholesterol. However, this statement is arguable and, in the meantime, the levels of brain cholesterol in individuals with AD are extremely inconstant and levels of cholesterol in the brain and serum/plasma of AD individuals do not reflect cholesterol as a risk factor. In fact, APOE4 is neither fundamental nor sufficient for the advancement of AD; it just acts as a synergistic and increases the danger of AD. Another noticeable characteristic of AD is area-specific decreases in the metabolism of brain glucose. It has been found that the brain cells cannot efficiently metabolize fats; hence, they totally rely upon glucose as a vitality substrate. Thus, suppression of glucose metabolism can possess an intense effect on brain actions. Hypometabolism is frequently found in AD and has quite recently achieved impressive consideration as a plausible target for interfering in the progression of the disease. One promising approach is to keep up the normal supply of glucose to the brain with ketone bodies from the ketogenic diet signifies a potential therapeutic agent for AD. Therefore, this review represents the role of ketogenic diets to combat AD pathogenesis by considering the influence of APOE.

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Ketogenic Diet Therapies For Epilepsy and Other Conditions

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Applications of Ketogenic Diets in Patients with Headache: Clinical Recommendations

Applications of Ketogenic Diets in Patients with Headache: Clinical Recommendations

Keto-Sleuths – An Unusual Cause of Loss of Ketosis?

Emerging Therapeutic Promise of Ketogenic Diet to Attenuate Neuropathological Alterations in Alzheimer’s Disease

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