Ketogenic diet leads to O-GlcNAc modification in the BTBRT+tf/j mouse model of autism

Newell, Christopher; Johnsen, Virginia L.; Yee, Nellie C.; Xu, Warren; Klein, Matthias S.; Khan, Aneal; Rho, Jong M.; Shearer, Jane

doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.05.013

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The researchers of animal model studies proved that KD might be an effective intervention in alleviating ASD symptoms [52,53]. Furthermore, larger cohort studies found that the use of KD results in noticeable improvements in: learning, social behaviour, speech, cooperation and reduction of hyperactivity in ASD patients [5,40,54].…”

Section: Dietary Models In Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of nutritional management and education in the treatment of autism

Mandecka

Regulska−Ilow

2022

Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig

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Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are an early-onset neurodevelopmental disorders. The key symptoms of ASD include social deficits, verbal and non-verbal communication deficits, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests, or activities. Dietary patterns have been evidenced to be related to maternal nutritional status that might lead to different metabolic conditions, and maternal metabolic dysfunction has been observed to be associated with ASD. Furthermore growing evidence suggests that the gut microbiota has a role in the pathophysiology of ASD. Differences in composition of the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota in children with ASD compared to unaffected siblings and/or healthy unrelated controls have been reported in various studies. The above-mentioned ASD factors and symptoms can be regulated by proper nutrition. The importance of nutrition and its possible impact on ASD patients is key to integral therapy. According to numerous research studies, various nutritional approaches succeeded in reducing the severity of patients' core ASD symptoms. The numerous options for diet that is used in the ASD therapy, as described in the scientific literature, are related to the problem of choosing an appropriate nutritional treatment. Each nutrition programme needs to be personalised and tailored to an individual patient. The aim of the paper is to review the available literature on dietary interventions in children with ASD and provide up-to-date evidence.

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Section: Dietary Models In Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of nutritional management and education in the treatment of autism

Mandecka

Regulska−Ilow

2022

Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig

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“…The studies comprised 103 rat studies, 63 mouse studies, 2 that included rats and mice, and 1 that included rats and gerbils as well as a canine case study. There was a range of nervous system dysfunction models, including five age-related degeneration (42)(43)(44)(45)(46) , four Alzheimer's disease (47)(48)(49)(50) , seven autism (51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57) , four cerebral ischaemia (58)(59)(60)(61) , two pain perception (16,62) , twenty-four general central nervous system , two diabetes (87,88) , ninety-one epilepsy , two metabolic syndrome (180,181) , one mild cognitive impairment (182) , two multiple sclerosis (183,184) , one nerve toxin (185) , four optic nerve dysfunction (186)(187)(188)(189) , two Parkinson's disease (190,191) , three peripheral nerve dysfunction (192)(193)(194) , four spinal cord injury (195)(196)(197)(198) , three stroke (199)…”

Section: Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ketogenic diets and the nervous system: a scoping review of neurological outcomes from nutritional ketosis in animal studies

Field

Pourkazemi

et al. 2021

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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Objectives: Ketogenic diets have reported efficacy for neurological dysfunctions however there are limited published human clinical trials elucidating the mechanisms by which nutritional ketosis produces therapeutic effects. The purpose of this present study was to investigate animal models that report variations in nervous system function by changing from a standard animal diet to a ketogenic diet, synthesise these into broad themes, and compare these with mechanisms reported as targets in pain neuroscience to inform human chronic pain trials. Methods: An electronic search of seven databases was conducted in July 2020. Two independent reviewers screened studies for eligibility, and descriptive outcomes relating to nervous system function were extracted for a thematic analysis then synthesised into broad themes. Results: One hundred and seventy studies from 18 different disease models were identified and grouped into 14 broad themes including: alterations in cellular energetics and metabolism, biochemical, cortical excitability, epigenetic regulation, mitochondrial function, neuroinflammation, neuroplasticity, neuroprotection, neurotransmitter function, nociception, redox balance, signalling pathways, synaptic transmission and vascular supply. Discussion: The mechanisms presented centred around the reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress as well as a reduction in nervous system excitability. Given the multiple potential mechanisms presented, it is likely that many of these are involved synergistically and undergo adaptive processes within the human body, and controlled animal models that limit the investigation to a particular pathway in isolation may reach differing conclusions. Attention is required when translating this information to human chronic pain populations due to the limitation outlined from the animal research.

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“…There is much evidence showing that insulin, another metabolic hormone, phosphorylates and activates OGT through the insulin receptor (Whelan et al 2008 ). Feeding animals a ketogenic diet, which may affect HBP flux, altered OGT and OGA gene expression without affecting total O-GlcNAc content in the prefrontal cortex (Newell et al 2017 ). Hence, in the hippocampus, there is clear evidence that neuronal O-GlcNAc levels are nutrient-dependent.…”

Section: O-glcnac and Its Regulation In The Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

O-GlcNAc cycling in the developing, adult and geriatric brain

Lagerlöf

2018

J Bioenerg Biomembr

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Hundreds of proteins in the nervous system are modified by the monosaccharide O-GlcNAc. A single protein is often O-GlcNAcylated on several amino acids and the modification of a single site can play a crucial role for the function of the protein. Despite its complexity, only two enzymes add and remove O-GlcNAc from proteins, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Global and local regulation of these enzymes make it possible for O-GlcNAc to coordinate multiple cellular functions at the same time as regulating specific pathways independently from each other. If O-GlcNAcylation is disrupted, metabolic disorder or intellectual disability may ensue, depending on what neurons are affected. O-GlcNAc's promise as a clinical target for developing drugs against neurodegenerative diseases has been recognized for many years. Recent literature puts O-GlcNAc in the forefront among mechanisms that can help us better understand how neuronal circuits integrate diverse incoming stimuli such as fluctuations in nutrient supply, metabolic hormones, neuronal activity and cellular stress. Here the functions of O-GlcNAc in the nervous system are reviewed.

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Ketogenic diet leads to O-GlcNAc modification in the BTBRT+tf/j mouse model of autism

Cited by 12 publications

References 43 publications

The importance of nutritional management and education in the treatment of autism

The importance of nutritional management and education in the treatment of autism

Ketogenic diets and the nervous system: a scoping review of neurological outcomes from nutritional ketosis in animal studies

O-GlcNAc cycling in the developing, adult and geriatric brain

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