Keterkaitan Kondisi Oseanografi Dengan Perikanan Pelagis Di Perairan Selat Bali

Abstract

Perikanan pelagis di perairan Selat Bali telah diusahakan sejak lama. Data runtut tahun hasil tangkapan yang didaratkan cenderung berfluktuasi. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi spasial dan temporal karakteristik oseanografi, terkait dengan dengan dinamika perikanan pelagis di Selat Bali. Data parameter oseanografi meliputi suhu permukaan laut (SPL) dan klorofill-a (chl-a) yang diperoleh dari citra satelit penginderaan jauh Aqua/Terra MODIS, sedangkan data sumberdaya perikanan pelagis berupa hasil tangkapan/satuan upaya (Catch per Unit Effort, CPUE) ikan pelagis diperoleh dari Tempat Pendaratan Ikan (TPI) Pengambengan, Jembrana - Bali pada periode Januari 2007 hingga Desember 2015. Uji statistik regresi linear berganda digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh parameter oseanografi terhadap kondisi perubahan sumberdaya perikanan pelagis. Sebaran spasial SPL menunjukkan bahwa pada Mei hingga November suhu permukaan laut cenderung rendah serta tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara suhu di perairan pantai dan di laut lepas. Secara temporal terlihat bahwa suhu terendah terjadi pada musim timur yaitu pada Agustus 2007. Sebaran spasial chl-a menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi chl-a dimulai dari Mei hingga Oktober serta terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara chl-a perairan pantai dan laut lepas. Secara temporal terlihat bahwa konsentrasi chl-a tertinggi terjadi pada Oktober 2015. Faktor iklim yang merupakan faktor eksternal memberikan pengaruh terhadap perubahan konsentrasi chl-a pada lokasi penelitian. Faktor iklim tersebut adalah kecepatan angin dan kejadian El-Nino. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa perubahan parameter SPL dan chl-a secara bersama-sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perubahan CPUE ikan pelagis, namun secara parsial parameter chl-a memberikan pengaruh yang lebih signifikan dibandingkan dengan parameter SPL.Pelagic fisheries around Bali Strait have been exploited since decades. Based on monthly and annual landing data, fish production around Bali strait are very fluctuated. This study aims to determine the spatial and temporal conditions of oceanographic characteristics and how they relate to the dynamics of pelagic fisheries in the Bali Strait. The oceanographic parameter data consist of sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a (chl-a) that obtained from Aqua / Terra MODIS remote sensing satellite imagery, while the dynamics of pelagic fish resource data indicated by Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) derrived from landing place (TPI) Pengambengan, Jembrana - Bali in the period January 2007 to December 2015. Multiple linear regression analysis were applied to determine the effect of oceanographic parameters on the changing conditions of pelagic fishery resources. Spatial distribution of SPL indicates that in May to November sea surface temperature tends to be low and there is no significant difference between the temperature in coastal waters and on high seas. The temporal distribution shows that the lowest temperature occurred during the southeast monsoon in August 2007. The spatial distribution of chl-a showed that the chl-a concentration starts to increase from May to October and there were significant differences between chl-a coastal waters and high seas. The temporal distribution shows that the highest chl-a concentration occurred in October 2015. Climate factor which is an external factor has an effect on the change of chl-a concentration at the research location. Climatic factors are wind speed and El-Nino events. The result of the statistical analysis shows that the change of SPL and chl-a parameters together significantly influence on the CPUE of pelagic fish, but partially chl-a parameter gives highly significant effect than SST parameter.

THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGING, FOOD AVAILABILITY AND ANTROPOGENIC PRESSURE ON SARDINE (Sardinella lemuru) CPUE IN BALI STRAIT WATERS

“…Principle component analysis result showed correlation among variables (left: plot of factor 1 x 2; midle: plot of factor 1 x 3; plot of factor 2 x 3). Finding of this research unanimous of Suniada & Susilo (2017) showed that SST and chl-a was the most significant variabels affecting sardine CPUE. Sardine abundance should be highly determined by chlorophyll-a as their food source (Gaughan & Mitchell, 1999).…”

“…Dynamic of some environment variables (SST/SSTA, chl-a, salinity, thermocline depth and the number of trip) is simultaneously affecting sardine CPUE. This analysis gives more information on the effect of various oceanographic variables to the seasonal variation of sardine CPUE (Suniada & Susilo, 2017). Regional climate phenomenon like IOD and ENSO generated the dynamic of water temperature and upwelling intensity resulted in the changing environment of sardine The fluctuation of SSTA and CPUE of sardine (Sardinella lemuru) in Bali Strait.…”

“…The environment conditions determined the fish habitat most are temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a (the availability of food source) and thermocline depth that will be influencing the swimming area. More specific both temperature and clorophyl-a or partially just colorophly-a may affect the value of CPUE of pelagic fish (Suniada & Susilo, 2017). However, the need of more comprehensive analysis is crucial to know the impact of oceanographical condition to variation of sardine production in Bali Strait.…”

Hubungan Parameter Biofisik Perairan dengan Hasil Tangkapan Ikan Pelagis Kecil di Perairan Pulau Ternate

“…Studi karakteristik suhu permukaan laut dan konsentrasi klorofil-a di beberapa wilayah diantaranya di perairan Ireland dan Selat Bali (Casal et al, 2015;Suniada et al, 2015), serta konsentrasi klorofil-a di perairan Mediterranean (Kahru et al, 2014;Lavigne et al, 2015) yang merupakan salah satu indikator penting untuk mendeteksi kesuburan perairan. Ikan yang dominan tertangkap di perairan Selat Bali merupakan ikan-ikan pelagis dengan sumber makanan utamanya adalah plankton, sehingga perubahan konsentrasi klorofil-a merupakan salah satu faktor penyebab perubahan jumlah hasil tangkapan (Suniada K. I. dan Eko Susilo, 2018).…”

Seasonal coastal upwelling in the Bali Strait: a model study

“…Bali Strait is a semi-enclosed sea with shallow bathymetric conditions with potential fishery resources (WPP-RI 573). Bali Strait is connected to the Bali Sea in the north and the Indian Ocean in the south, while the west and east sides are bordered by Java Island and Bali Island [1]. Bali Strait waters are strongly influenced by the Monsoon system.…”