Ketamine induces failure of the oculomotor neural integrator in the cat

Godaux, Emile; Chéron, Guy; Mettens, Philippe

doi:10.1016/0304-3940(90)90403-v

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…A gaze-evoked nystagmus, characterised by a post-saccadic drift, was constantly observed and related to a gaze holding failure resulting from a blockade of NMDA receptors in the brainstem neural integrator (Godaux et al 1990; Fig. 1b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Rapid development of tolerance to sub-anaesthetic dose of ketamine: an oculomotor study in macaque monkeys

et al. 2010

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Rapid development of tolerance to sub-anaesthetic dose of ketamine: an oculomotor study in macaque monkeys

et al. 2010

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“…When it is delivered IP at 75 mg/kg, the mouse responds with the following stereotyped sequence of OKR changes: (1) during an initial period of 1–2 minutes, each ETM shows a rapid rebound at the beginning of the slow phase, an effect that could arise from a defect in the oculomotor neural integrator [52], [53] (Figure 8A, second panel, and Figure 8D); (2) over the next ∼5 minutes, there is a diminution in OKR amplitude with complete or nearly complete elimination of the OKR (Figure 8A, third panel); (3) over tens of minutes, the OKR recovers but shows saccades of highly variable timing and amplitude (Figure 8A, fourth panel); and (4) by 24 hours later there is a full recovery (Figure 8A, fifth panel). To quantify this response with a fully automated procedure, we counted ETMs using a first derivative thresholding operation (Figures 2 and 8B) and determined the standard deviation of the distribution of the eye position (Figure 8C), a combination that gives a good overall picture of the ketamine response.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Optokinetic Reflex as a Tool for Quantitative Analyses of Nervous System Function in Mice: Application to Genetic and Drug-Induced Variation

2008

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The optokinetic reflex (OKR), which serves to stabilize a moving image on the retina, is a behavioral response that has many favorable attributes as a test of CNS function. The OKR requires no training, assesses the function of diverse CNS circuits, can be induced repeatedly with minimal fatigue or adaptation, and produces an electronic record that is readily and objectively quantifiable.We describe a new type of OKR test apparatus in which computer-controlled visual stimuli and streamlined data analysis facilitate a relatively high throughput behavioral assay. We used this apparatus, in conjunction with infrared imaging, to quantify basic OKR stimulus-response characteristics for C57BL/6J and 129/SvEv mouse strains and for genetically engineered lines lacking one or more photoreceptor systems or with an alteration in cone spectral sensitivity. A second generation (F2) cross shows that the characteristic difference in OKR frequency between C57BL/6J and 129/SvEv is inherited as a polygenic trait. Finally, we demonstrate the sensitivity and high temporal resolution of the OKR for quantitative analysis of CNS drug action.These experiments show that the mouse OKR is well suited for neurologic testing in the context of drug discovery and large-scale phenotyping programs.

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“…The injection was placed in this location because we reasoned that the lateral-most location of clearly evoked eye movements in the ketamine-anesthetized monkey underestimated the true lateral extent of the functional FEF. This is because ketamine has been shown to inactivate the neural integrator of the brain-stem saccade generator (Bruce & Russo, 1987;Godaux et al, 1990) which would make detection of small saccades difficult, especially without appropriate measurement devices. The fact that the FB injection was located at the caudomedial end of area 45 is consistent with this interpretation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topography of supplementary eye field afferents to frontal eye field in macaque: Implications for mapping between saccade coordinate systems

Schall

Morel²,

Kaas

1993

Vis Neurosci

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Two discrete areas in frontal cortex are involved in generating saccadic eye movements -the frontal eye field (FEF) and the supplementary eye field (SEF). Whereas FEF represents saccades in a topographic retinotopic map, recent evidence indicates that saccades may be represented craniotopically in SEF. To further investigate the relationship between these areas, the topographic organization of afferents to FEF from SEF in Macaca mulatto was examined by placing injections of distinct retrograde tracers into different parts of FEF that represented saccades of different amplitudes. Central FEF (lateral area 8A), which represents saccades of intermediate amplitudes, received afferents from a larger portion of SEF than did lateral FEF (area 45), which represents shorter saccades, or medial FEF (medial area 8A), which represents the longest saccades in addition to pinna movements. Moreover, in every case the zone in SEF that innervated lateral FEF (area 45) also projected to medial FEF (area 8A). In one case, a zone in rostral SEF projected to both lateral area 8A from which eye movements were evoked by microstimulation as well as medial area 8A from which pinna movements were elicited by microstimulation. This pattern of afferent convergence and divergence from SEF onto the retinotopic saccade map in FEF is indicative of some sort of map transformation between SEF and FEF. Such a transformation would be necessary to interconnect a topographic craniotopic saccade representation in SEF with a topographic retinotopic saccade representation in FEF.

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Ketamine induces failure of the oculomotor neural integrator in the cat

Cited by 36 publications

References 17 publications

Rapid development of tolerance to sub-anaesthetic dose of ketamine: an oculomotor study in macaque monkeys

Rapid development of tolerance to sub-anaesthetic dose of ketamine: an oculomotor study in macaque monkeys

The Optokinetic Reflex as a Tool for Quantitative Analyses of Nervous System Function in Mice: Application to Genetic and Drug-Induced Variation

Topography of supplementary eye field afferents to frontal eye field in macaque: Implications for mapping between saccade coordinate systems

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