Ketamine attenuates endotoxin-induced leukocyte adherence in rat mesenteric venules

Schmidt, H.; Ebeling, Dorothea; Bauer, Harald; Bach, A.; Böhrer, H.; Gebhard, Martha Maria; Martin, Eike

doi:10.1097/00003246-199512000-00009

Cited by 50 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Ketamine inhibits the expression of adhesion molecules on infl ammatory cells in both in vivo and in vitro studies. 43,44 However, an in vitro study on endothelial cells failed to observe any effects on ICAM-1 expression, 27 consistent with the current results. The effects on sP-selectin levels were correlated well with injury grade, and could explain the lower leukocyte infi ltration observed in the ketamine-pretreated rats subjected to intestinal I/R.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Ketamine reduces intestinal injury and inflammatory cell infiltration after ischemia/reperfusion in rats

et al. 2010

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Ketamine reduces intestinal injury and inflammatory cell infiltration after ischemia/reperfusion in rats

et al. 2010

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“…However, the subsequent neutrophilic leukocytosis was earlier (5 versus 8 hours) and significantly greater in the KET group (leukocytosis at 8 hours and neutrophilia at 8 and 24 hours) compared with the SAL group. The effect of subanesthetic ketamine on equine leukocyte function, specifically neutrophils, has not been studied in the horse but has been explored in humans where ketamine demonstrated anti‐inflammatory effects via inhibition of neutrophil adhesion molecule expression in vitro 26,33 . Interestingly in this study, the anticipated leukocytosis and neutrophilia that commonly occur in healthy horses after LPS administration were significantly amplified in the KET group, which may be a consequence of attenuated adhesion molecule expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Clinical and Immunomodulating Effects of Ketamine in Horses with Experimental Endotoxemia

Alcott

Sponseller

Wong

et al. 2011

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Ketamine has immunomodulating effects both in vitro and in vivo during experimental endotoxemia in humans, rodents, and dogs.Hypothesis: Subanesthetic doses of ketamine will attenuate the clinical and immunologic responses to experimental endotoxemia in horses.Animals: Nineteen healthy mares of various breeds. Methods: Experimental study. Horses were randomized into 2 groups: ketamine-treated horses (KET; n 5 9) and salinetreated horses (SAL; n 5 10). Both groups received 30 ng/kg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli, O55:B5) 1 hour after the start of a continuous rate infusion (CRI) of racemic ketamine (KET) or physiologic saline (SAL). Clinical and hematological responses were documented and plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and thromboxane B 2 (TXB 2 ) were quantified.Results: All horses safely completed the study. The KET group exhibited transient excitation during the ketamine loading infusion (P o .05) and 1 hour after discontinuation of administration (P o .05). Neutrophilic leukocytosis was greater in the KET group 8 and 24 hours after administration of LPS (P o .05). Minor perturbations of plasma biochemistry results were considered clinically insignificant. Plasma TNF-a and TXB 2 production peaked 1.5 and 1 hours, respectively, after administration of LPS in both groups, but a significant difference between treatment groups was not demonstrated.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: A subanesthetic ketamine CRI is well tolerated by horses. A significant effect on the clinical or immunologic response to LPS administration, as assessed by clinical observation, hematological parameters, and TNF-a and TXB 2 production, was not identified in healthy horses with the subanesthetic dose of racemic ketamine utilized in this study.

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“…Additionally, ketamine significantly limits the diapedesis of the neutrophils to the site of inflammation [48][49][50]. The underlying mechanism appears to be a reduction in adhesion molecules expressed on the surface of the immune cell [51] and not an interaction with the inflammatory endothelial function [48].…”

Section: Ketamine As a "Regulator" Of The Inflammatory Reaction: Precmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ketamine and Peripheral Inflammation

2013

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The old anesthetic ketamine has demonstrated interactions with the inflammatory response. This review intends to qualify the nature and the mechanism underlying this interaction. For this purpose, preclinical data will be presented starting with the initial works, and then, the probable mechanisms will be discussed. A summary of the most relevant clinical data will be presented. In conclusion, ketamine appears as a unique "homeostatic regulator" of the acute inflammatory reaction and the stress-induced immune disturbances. This is of some interest at a moment when the short- and long-term deleterious consequences of inadequate inflammatory reactions are increasingly reported. Large-scale studies showing improved patient's outcome are, however, required before to definitively assert the clinical reality of this positive effect.

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Ketamine attenuates endotoxin-induced leukocyte adherence in rat mesenteric venules

Abstract: Pretreatment with ketamine attenuates endotoxin-induced leukocyte adherence by a shear rate-independent mechanism, suggesting reduced expression of adhesion molecules. These results indicate that ketamine exerts an anti-inflammatory effect, which might be beneficial in septic patients.

Cited by 50 publications

References 20 publications

Ketamine reduces intestinal injury and inflammatory cell infiltration after ischemia/reperfusion in rats

Ketamine reduces intestinal injury and inflammatory cell infiltration after ischemia/reperfusion in rats

Clinical and Immunomodulating Effects of Ketamine in Horses with Experimental Endotoxemia

Ketamine and Peripheral Inflammation

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