Kerr nonlinearity mitigation in 5 × 28-GBd PDM 16-QAM signal transmission over a dispersion-uncompensated link with backward-pumped distributed Raman amplification

Abstract

International audienceWe present experimental and numerical investigations of Kerr nonlinearity compensation in a 400-km standard single-mode fiber link with distributed Raman amplification with backward pumping. A dual-pump polarization-independent fiber-based optical parametric amplifier is used for mid-link spectral inversion of 5 × 28-GBd polarization-multiplexed 16-QAM signals. Signal quality factor (Q-factor) improvements of 1.1 dB and 0.8 dB were obtained in the cases of a single-channel and a five-channel wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) system, respectively. The experimental results are compared to numerical simulations with good agreement. It is also shown with simulations that a maximum transmission reach of 2400 km enabled by the optical phase conjugator is possible for the WDM signal

The impact of parametric noise amplification on long haul transmission throughput

“…In this section, we briefly review progress in OPC device and system development, concentrating on systems employing coherent detection [22]. OPCs have been fabricated from a wide variety of materials including fibre [23][24][25][26][27][28], bulk [29] and quantum dot [30] semiconductor optical amplifiers, periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) [31], silicon [32], soft glass [33] and using opto-electronic devices [34]. Figure 2a compares the performance of a selection of these devices for two key parameters, the achieved channel count determining the number of devices require for a system, and the conversion efficiency which determines the ASE noise penalty.…”

“…Figure 2a compares the performance of a selection of these devices for two key parameters, the achieved channel count determining the number of devices require for a system, and the conversion efficiency which determines the ASE noise penalty. High channel counts have been observed for PPLN devices [29] where crosstalk is low, and for dispersion engineered optical fibres [24][25][26][27][28]. Positive conversion efficiencies have only been observed for fibre devices acting as parametric amplifiers and employing SBS suppression techniques [23][24][25], however, parametric gain has recently been reported in a PPLN device [35].…”

“…High channel counts have been observed for PPLN devices [29] where crosstalk is low, and for dispersion engineered optical fibres [24][25][26][27][28]. Positive conversion efficiencies have only been observed for fibre devices acting as parametric amplifiers and employing SBS suppression techniques [23][24][25], however, parametric gain has recently been reported in a PPLN device [35]. Data points are taken from [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35].…”

Silicon Waveguide with Lateral p-i-n Diode for Nonlinearity Compensation by On-Chip Optical Phase Conjugation

“…Alternatively, all-optical approaches, such as optical phase conjugation (OPC), are more suited to tackle inter-channel interaction. Significant benefits of OPC on improving system performance have been reported in a number of demonstrations in the past years [1][2][3][4][5][6]. These demonstrations have mainly relied on providing OPC through either four-wave mixing (FWM) in a highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) [1][2][3][4] or cascade second-order effects in periodicallypoled lithium niobate (PPLN) [5].…”

Fiber nonlinearity mitigation of WDM-PDM QPSK/16-QAM signals using fiber-optic parametric amplifiers based multiple optical phase conjugations

“…Several approaches have been proposed to mitigate the fiber nonlinearity, in both the digital and the optical domain, such as digital back propagation [3,4], frequency-referenced transmission [5], phase-conjugated twin waves [6], phase-sensitive amplification [7] and optical phase conjugation [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Among these schemes, optical phase conjugation (OPC) offers unique benefits, including modulation-format transparency, capability of processing high speed and heterogeneous signals, capability of operating on an entire wavelengthdivision-multiplexed (WDM) band at the same time, and little additional latency.…”