Kerr effect and electrostriction in thin polymeric films. Application to polysilane films

Morichere, D.; Dentan, V.; Kajzar, F.; Robin, Philippe; Lévy, Yves; Dumont, Michel

doi:10.1016/0030-4018(89)90492-6

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] In this article, we present a method for describing electrostriction of arbitrary isotropic microstructures ͑amorphous or cubic crystalline͒. We relate the dielectric parameters a 1 and a 2 to the microstructure without employing the Lorentz cavity formalism.…”

Section: ͑3͒mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrostriction of polarizable materials: Comparison of models with experimental data

Shkel

Klingenberg

1998

Journal of Applied Physics

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A microscopic model is employed to relate the dielectric tensor to the microstructure of isotropic amorphous or cubic crystalline materials. Electrostriction is characterized by dielectric parameters that describe how the dielectric tensor varies with deformation and the resulting change in the microstructure. These dielectric parameters are obtained for small deformations, and expressed in terms of measurable, macroscopic properties. Unlike previous approaches, we avoid employing the Lorentz cavity approximation to determine the local polarization. Dipole sums are renormalized by treating the dielectric constant of the undeformed material as a known quantity. Predictions agree with our experimental data for different block copolymer films. Further progress in understanding electrostriction and developing improved models requires measuring the deformation dependence of the dielectric tensor for various materials under various conditions ͑field strength and frequency, deformation frequency, temperature, etc.͒.

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Section: ͑3͒mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrostriction of polarizable materials: Comparison of models with experimental data

Shkel

Klingenberg

1998

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…4 The second-order susceptibility d 33 value decreased with the film thickness due to the domains formed near the surface region. The ratio of tensor components 33 and 13, d 33 /d 13 , was much smaller than three, indicating that the chromophores were not Boltzmann-distributed in the poling field. This suggested that the chromophores oriented perpendicularly to the film plane were localized near the surface domain region of the film, and the rest of the chromophores were tilted to the film plane, thereby contributing to the d 13 component.…”

Section: Domain Contributionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The dipolar groups were aligned eventually to form thermodynamically stabler paired structures, resulting in a complete decay of the SHG signal. However, the initial unidirectional swelling normal to the substrate might have imposed a vectorial stress only on the dipoles subject to elastic stresses 13,14 that developed between the layers during electrical poling and exerted by the as yet unswollen region of the specimen because a self-ordering was not observed for the sample films without poling treatment. A smaller recovery in the SHG signal in the reproduced sample as shown in Figure 7 might be also attributable to the smaller elastic stresses developed in this film by second poling because the initial domain induced by backbone motion persisted during the swelling process.…”

Section: Anormalous Polar Alignment Of Chromophoresmentioning

confidence: 94%

Investigation of dipole alignments by swelling in poled thin films of a side-group polymer using second harmonic generation

Lee

Kim

Kwon

et al. 1999

J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys.

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“…The electro-optic coefficients 0*33) for the polymers PI-1 through PI-4 were measured by one of three procedures depending on the poling technique, and the results are shown in Table II. For samples that were poled by corona discharge, an attenuated total reflection (ATR) technique was employed (20). An ellipsometry technique was utilized when single films were electrode poled (21,22).…”

Section: Tethered Nlo Polyimidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Temperature Nonlinear Optical Chromophores and Polymers

Miller

Burland

Jurich

et al. 1997

ACS Symposium Series

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Poled polymers for fully integrated modulator and switching applications will require orientational stability under device operating conditions and thermal stability of the chromophores and polymers during poling and integration. The latter may require heating to 250°C or more for brief periods. We describe here the preparation of a number of NLO polyimide derivatives which meet these thermal requirements. Derivatives containing the NLO chromophore donor substituents embedded in the polymer main chain show exceptional thermal and orientational stability. We also describe preliminary results on the efficient photoassisted electric field poling of high Tg azo-containing polymers at room temperature. This process may alleviate some of the difficulties inherent to poling at very high temperatures.Organic nonlinear optical materials (NLO) have attracted attention recently as potentially fast and efficient components of optical communication and computing systems. Although they have been studied in many forms including crystals, clathrates, organic glasses, sol-gel composites, vapor deposited films, Langmuir-Blodgett structures, etc., poled polymer films provide the best opportunity for near-term applications, particularly in the area of electro-optic modulators and switches (7). In this regard, there are two possible scenarios: (i) external applications separate from the silicon device circuitry and (ii) My integrated electro-optic modulators and switches. Each of these configurations, while sharing certain common characteristics, differ significantly in the thermal stability requirements. For purposes of discussion, we have designated the applications as type I and type II respectively. For each application, long term stability of the polymers (chemical, oxidative and orientational) will be required at operating temperatures which may vary between 80-125°C depending on the configuration and application. Orientational stability in poled 100

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Kerr effect and electrostriction in thin polymeric films. Application to polysilane films

Cited by 20 publications

References 5 publications

Electrostriction of polarizable materials: Comparison of models with experimental data

Electrostriction of polarizable materials: Comparison of models with experimental data

Investigation of dipole alignments by swelling in poled thin films of a side-group polymer using second harmonic generation

High-Temperature Nonlinear Optical Chromophores and Polymers

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