Kernel setting at the apical and sub-apical ear of older and newer Argentinean maize hybrids

Ciancio, Nicolás; Parco, Martín; Incognito, Salvador Juan Pablo; Maddonni, Gustavo Ángel

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2016.02.021

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In addition, the high Td of early-sown dates in R1-R2 was caused by a high Tmax compare with late-sown dates (Table 3). Previous studies have shown that heat stress during the first stages of grain filling reduces the assimilate availability of the effective grain-filling period, which causes an earlier cessation of grain filling [31,32,41]. Therefore, the turning point 2 (t2) of early-sowed dates appeared earlier in our experiments, and then fast-increasing period (∆t) and grain-filling duration (P) were shortened.…”

Section: Meteorological Factors Influence the Kernel Weight Formationmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…The relationship between kernel number and meteorological factors have also been discussed in 2017. High temperature stress influences meiosis, growth of the ovaries during the pre-anthesis period, production and transfer of pollen during anthesis, and flowering dynamics, all of which reduce the kernel number [32,37,38,45]. Compared with other sowing dates, the total floret numbers in SD2 and SD3 were increased, which benefited from the optimum temperature of V12-R1 (Tables 4 and 5).…”

Section: Meteorological Factors Influence the Kernel Number Formationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The period from emergence to maturity of maize was divided into two stages for analysis: the critical period from twelfth leaf to blister (V12-R2) as vegetative and reproductive co-growth stage, which include from twelfth leaf to silking (V12-R1) as the developmental stage of ear and tassel, form silking to blister (R1-R2) as the pollination and the first stages of grain-filling, and the period from blister to physiological maturity (R2-R6) as reproductive stage [28,31,32].…”

Section: Statistical Analysiscmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vegetative and reproductive co-growth stage and reproductive stage are the key periods for kernel number and weight formation [28,31,32]. As global warming increases, temperature limits the growth and development of kernels, which is the main factor of maize yield reduction [36,37].…”

Section: Meteorological Factors Influence the Kernel Setmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimum Sowing Dates for High-Yield Maize when Grown as Sole Crop in the North China Plain

et al. 2019

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The maize sole cropping system solves problems related to ground water resource shortages and guarantees food security in the North China Plain. Using optimal sowing dates is an effective management practice for increasing maize yield. The goal of this study was to explore an optimum sowing date for high-yield maize. Six sowing dates (SDs) from early April to late June with intervals of 10 to 20 days between SD—SD1 (early April), SD2 (mid to late April), SD3 (early May), SD4 (mid to late May), SD5 (early June), SD6 (late June)—were applied from 2012 to 2017. The results showed that yield was correlated with the sowing date based on the thermal time before sowing (r = 0.62**), which was defined as the pre-thermal time (PTt), and that the yield was steadily maintained at a high level (>10,500 kg ha−1) when PTt was greater than 479 °C. To satisfy the growing degree-days required for maturity, maize needs to be sown before a PTt of 750 °C. Data analysis of the results from 2014, 2015, and 2017 revealed the following: i) Most of the grain-filling parameters of late-sown dates (SD4, SD5 and SD6) were better than those in early-sown dates (SD1, SD2, and SD3) in all years, because of the high daily maximum temperature (Tmax) and wide diurnal temperature (Td) from silking to blister (R1–R2) of early-sown dates. The weight of maximum grain-filling rate (Wmax) of SD3 decreased compare with SD4 by the narrow Td from blister to physiological maturity (R2–R6) in all years (−5, −12, and −33 mg kernel−1 in 2014, 2015, and 2017, respectively). ii) In 2017, the pollination failure rates of early-sown dates were 8.4~14.5%, which was caused by the high Tmax and Td of R1–R2. The apical kernel abortion rates were 28.6 (SD2) and 38.7% (SD3), which were affected by Tmax and Td during R2–R6. iii) Compared with late-sown dates, the wide Td of early-sown dates in R1–R2 was caused by higher Tmax, but the narrow Td in R2-R6 was caused by higher Tmin. Our results indicate that high-yielding maize can be obtained by postponing the sowing date with a PTt of 480~750 °C, which can prevent the negative effects of the high Tmax of R1–R2 and high Tmin of R2–R6 on kernel number and weight formation. Moreover, these above-mentioned traits should be considered for heat tolerance breeding to further increase the maize yield.

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Section: Meteorological Factors Influence the Kernel Weight Formationmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Meteorological Factors Influence the Kernel Number Formationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Statistical Analysiscmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Meteorological Factors Influence the Kernel Setmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Optimum Sowing Dates for High-Yield Maize when Grown as Sole Crop in the North China Plain

et al. 2019

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“…For example, the maize plant phenotype at low D, presents a stem with short and wide internodes, short and wide leaf blades with a planophile leaf angle, random azimuthal leaf orientation, and one or two fertile ears per plant (according to the proli cacy of the genotype). In contrast, the maize plant phenotype at high D, given the higher competition for resources among neighboring plants, is characterized by a stem with long and thin internodes, long and narrow erectophile leaves oriented azimuthally toward the interrow, and a single fertile ear per plant (Tetio-Kagho and Gardner 1988a; Tetio-Kagho and Gardner 1988b; Andrade et al 1999;Maddonni et al 2001a2007; Ciancio et al 2016). This reactivity of maize architecture traits to the presence of neighbors maximizes the capture of resources per plant (e.g., water, radiation and According to Monforte (2020), the degree of PP can vary from zero (the phenotype is stable) to far from zero (the phenotype is plastic) and such variation in PP is classically known as genotype ⊆ environment interaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untangling the Genetic Control of Maize Plant Aarchitecture Plasticity

Incognito

Maddonni

López

2022

Preprint

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Phenotypic plasticity (PP) is the ability of an organism to produce multiple phenotypes in response to environmental changes. In cultivated species, such as maize (Zea mays L.), the PP of plant architecture traits will play an important role in the adaptation of genotypes to unpredictable scenarios given by climate change, marginal areas, and seeding with variable plant density (D). We bring information to improve the understanding of the environmental modulation of PPs of plant architecture traits of maize, untangling their genetic bases, and testing the hypothesis of independent genetic control of the traits per se and their PPs. The PP of traits related to leaf area, spatial distribution of leaf area and stem architecture [(leaf area (LA), maximum leaf width (LW), maximum leaf length (LL), leaf orientation value (LOV), vertical leaf angle (VA), leaf length to the flagging point (LF), LE/LL relationship (LFLL), azimuthal leaf orientation (AZ), ear height (EH), plant eight (PH), EH/PH relatioship (EHPH) and stem diameter (SD)] were estimated using 160 RILs from the IBM B73 × Mo17 Syn4 population, cultivated under two contrasting D (5 and 10 pl m− 2) during two growing seasons that determined different environmental conditions. Data were phenotypically analyzed and quantitative traits loci (QTLs) were mapped. For leaf area and stem architecture related traits, high mean values of traits per se were related with high PPs values at low intraspecific competition while low mean values were observed at high intraspecific competition. The opposite response was found on leaf orientation related traits, with the exception of AZ. Forty-eight QTLs were detected for PP of plant architecture related traits on all chromosomes with exception of chromosome 7. There was no phenotypic correlation and no co-located QTLs for traits per se and their PPs. This independent genetic control for traits per se and their PPs would allow breeders to develop genotypes adapted to specific environments selecting for high or low PP in combination with high or low values for relevant agronomic traits.

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Contribution of tillers to maize yield stability at low plant density

et al. 2022

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One of the main challenges of using low plant densities in restrictive and variable environments is to maximize the use of resources in better‐than‐expected years. In this context, tillering could be an alternative to increase reproductive and vegetative plasticity. The objectives of this study were to (a) characterize the correlation between environmental conditions, tiller traits, crop grain yield, and grain yield advantages due to tillers; (b) determine the grain yield response to tillering (i.e., grain yield difference between tillered and nontillered crops) for a wide range of environments; and (c) to evaluate the effect of tiller presence on grain yield of the main shoot, considering its effect on the apical and subapical ears. Tillered and nontillered crops were evaluated under rainfed conditions during two seasons (2018–2019 and 2019–2020). These experiments were carried out at 11 sites in the southern Argentinean Pampas, varying sowing date (22 Oct. to 5 Dec.), plant density (2–3 plants m−2), genotype (AX7784 and AX7761), and soil depth. Grain yield (3.2–11.9 Mg ha−1) was correlated with tillers productivity, mainly explained by postflowering precipitations. The contribution of tillers to grain yield was more proportional than their consequent yield depression at the main shoot. Tillers either increased (3 sites) or maintained (8 sites) grain yield, and their contribution increased as the environment improved without any detrimental effect in the most restrictive environments. Tillering has the potential for increasing resource (radiation, water, nitrogen) use efficiency under low plant density strategies adopted for restrictive environments.

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Kernel setting at the apical and sub-apical ear of older and newer Argentinean maize hybrids

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

Optimum Sowing Dates for High-Yield Maize when Grown as Sole Crop in the North China Plain

Optimum Sowing Dates for High-Yield Maize when Grown as Sole Crop in the North China Plain

Untangling the Genetic Control of Maize Plant Aarchitecture Plasticity

Contribution of tillers to maize yield stability at low plant density

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