Kerguelen Hotspot Magma Output since 130 Ma

Coffin, Millard F.; Pringle,; Duncan, Robert A.; Gladczenko, Tadeusz P.; Storey, Michael; Müller, R. Dietmar; Gahagan, L.A.

doi:10.1093/petrology/43.7.1121

Cited by 403 publications

(363 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Similar structures are revealed across the Kerguelen Plateau, a Cretaceous LIP (∼130 Ma) in the Indian Ocean (Coffin et al 2002) that crossed the KerguelenHeard plume (Oligocene to recent; Mahoney et al 1983;Weis & Frey 1996). Samples of dredged submarine volcanoes have revealed an apparent age trend from north to south between 34 Ma in the Northern Kerguelen Plateau up to 18-21 Ma that may correspond to the Tertiary hotspot track of the Kerguelen Plateau (Weis et al 2002).…”

Section: Implications and Comparison To Other Lipssupporting

confidence: 54%

The Manihiki Plateau—a key to missing hotspot tracks?

Pietsch

Uenzelmann-Neben

2016

Geophys. J. Int.

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Section: Implications and Comparison To Other Lipssupporting

confidence: 54%

The Manihiki Plateau—a key to missing hotspot tracks?

Pietsch

Uenzelmann-Neben

2016

Geophys. J. Int.

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“…These structures formed in a N-S to NNE-SSW-trending least principal stress. This extensional state of stress was active after 30 Ma (age of the oldest onshore plateau basalts; Nicolaysen et al, 2000;Coffin et al, 2002) and 15-7.6 Ma (age of the Southern Centre according to Lameyre et Dosso et al, 1979) and which may still be active today. Regionally, this stress field corresponds to the N-S spreading movements of the SWIR and to the northern directed drift of India (Rotstein et al, 2001).…”

Section: A N-s To Nnw-sse Directed State Of Stress?mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The transform faults may have been active since the formation of the 30 Ma old Kerguelen Islands (Nicolaysen et al, 2000;Coffin et al, 2002) and may have fractured the plateau basalt. The rifting associated with the SEIR formation ended 43 Ma ago (Rotstein et al, 2001), prior the formation of onshore rocks.…”

Section: The Other Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By 25 Ma, Kerguelen magmatism was fully in an intra-plate position (Giret, 1990). The Kerguelen Archipelago formation initiated at this moment (from 30 Ma; Nicolaysen et al, 2000;Coffin et al, 2002). This 6500 km 2 set of islands is mainly made of plateau basalts (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The South Kerguelen Plateau (SKP), the Elan Bank, the Central Kerguelen Plateau (CKP) and Broken Ridge, the 90°E Ridge and the Skiff Bank, and, eventually, the North Kerguelen Plateau (NKP), formed successively since 120 Ma (Duncan, 2002;Coffin et al, 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The field and remote sensing analysis of the Kerguelen Archipelago structure, Indian Ocean

Mathieu

Byrne

Guillaume

et al. 2011

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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1The Kerguelen Archipelago is part of an oceanic plateau with a complex history. Little work has been done on the tectonics of the onshore areas, even though the extensive outcrop renders the islands especially good for structural work. We present the results of three field campaigns and remote sensing analysis carried out in the main Kerguelen Island, around Val Travers valley and Mt Ross volcano (Central Plateau) and in the Rallier du Baty peninsula (SW part of the archipelago). We have mapped faults, fracture sets, and the location and geometry of intrusive bodies. We found that the plateau basalt lavas that make up most of the area are densely fractured, crossed by many veins, dykes and some small faults. This work provides a general framework for the structure of Kerguelen Archipelago that is dominated by 110°-striking faults and veins, dyke swarms and an alignment of recent central volcanoes, which have formed in N-S to NNW-SSE directed extensional stress field. The other structures are fractures, veins and dykes which strike 130°-150°, 000° and 030°-050°. They are likely related to transform faults of the Indian oceanic crust and to faults of the north Kerguelen Plateau (offshore basement of the archipelago). These buried structures were likely re-activated by a low magnitude stress field.

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Physics of crustal fracturing and chert dike formation triggered by asteroid impact, ∼3.26 Ga, Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa

Sleep

Lowe

2014

Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.

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Archean asteroid impacts, reflected in the presence of spherule beds in the 3.2-3.5 Ga Barberton greenstone belt (BGB), South Africa, generated extreme seismic waves. Spherule bed S2 provides a field example. It locally lies at the contact between the Onverwacht and Fig Tree Groups in the BGB, which formed as a result of the impact of asteroid (possibly 50 km diameter). Scaling calculations indicate that very strong seismic waves traveled several crater diameters from the impact site, where they widely damaged Onverwacht rocks over much of the BGB. Lithified sediments near the top of the Onverwacht Group failed with opening-mode fractures. The underlying volcanic sequence then failed with normal faults and opening-mode fractures. Surficial unlithified sediments liquefied and behaved as a fluid. These liquefied sediments and some impact-produced spherules-filled near-surface fractures, today represented by swarms of chert dikes. Strong impact-related tsunamis then swept the seafloor. P waves and Rayleigh waves from the impact greatly exceeded the amplitudes of typical earthquake waves. The duration of extreme shaking was also far longer, probably hundreds of seconds, than that from strong earthquakes. Dynamic strains of 10 23 occurred from the surface and downward throughout the lithosphere. Shaking weakened the Onverwacht volcanic edifice and the surface layers locally moved downhill from gravity accommodated by faults and open-mode fractures. Coast-parallel opening-mode fractures on the fore-arc coast of Chile, formed as a result of megathrust events, are the closest modern analogs. It is even conceivable that dynamic stresses throughout the lithosphere initiated subduction beneath the Onverwacht rocks.

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Kerguelen Hotspot Magma Output since 130 Ma

Cited by 403 publications

References 94 publications

The Manihiki Plateau—a key to missing hotspot tracks?

The Manihiki Plateau—a key to missing hotspot tracks?

The field and remote sensing analysis of the Kerguelen Archipelago structure, Indian Ocean

Physics of crustal fracturing and chert dike formation triggered by asteroid impact, ∼3.26 Ga, Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa

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