Keratomycosis in a pet rabbit (<i>Oryctolagus cuniculus</i>) treated with topical 1% terbinafine ointment

Bourguet, Aurélie; Guyonnet, Alexandre; Donzel, Elise; Guillot, Jacques; Pignon, Charly; Chahory, Sabine

doi:10.1111/vop.12318

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Terbinafine is available over the counter as a dermatologic ointment for treatment of fungal skin disease. The dermatologic ointment is not recommended for use in the eye by the manufacturer but was successfully used without any signs of ocular irritation for the treatment of equine keratomycoses and for a rabbit with Aspergillus fumigatus keratomycosis, as well as in the case presented here (23). Terbinafine has variable corneal penetration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Terbinafine has variable but often good efficacy against Scopulariopsis sp., good efficacy against Fusarium sp., is nonirritating to the cornea and very low cost to the client (7,8,15,20,(22)(23)(24). Terbinafine is an allylamine antifungal agent and works by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis through inhibition of squalene epoxidate resulting in toxic intracellular accumulation of the precursor squalene (10,22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Case Report: Successful Management of Refractory Keratomycosis in an Alpaca Using Penetrating Keratoplasty and Combination Antifungal Therapy (Caspofungin 0.5% and Terbinafine 1%)

et al. 2021

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Fungal keratitis is a common disease in certain parts of the world and affects several species, including equids, camelids, and homo sapiens, leading to blindness or loss of the eye if the infection is not adequately controlled. Reports of clinical use of antifungals caspofungin and terbinafine are limited across both veterinary and human medical literature. The alpaca presented in this case demonstrates that deep keratomycosis can be caused by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis and Fusarium verticillioides, two previously unreported fungi to cause keratomycosis in camelids. This report demonstrates successful management with a combination of surgery and topical ophthalmic treatment with caspofungin 0.5% solution and terbinafine 1% dermatologic cream, after initially failing treatment with topical voriconazole 1% solution. Combination therapy appears more effective than monotherapy with some fungal organisms, and synergy between antifungal agents is thought to play a role in the success of combination therapy. Surgery to remove the bulk of the fungal infection is especially helpful in cases that fail initial medical therapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: Successful Management of Refractory Keratomycosis in an Alpaca Using Penetrating Keratoplasty and Combination Antifungal Therapy (Caspofungin 0.5% and Terbinafine 1%)

et al. 2021

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“…Various reports described fungal keratitis induced experimentally in the rabbit as part of safety and efficacy testing of various antifungal agents (Lourdes Garcia et al , Goldblum et al , Yavas et al , El ‐Mofty et al ). In contrast to other species, spontaneously occurring keratomycosis has only been reported once in a pet rabbit; fungal culture identified the pathogen as Aspergillus fumigatus (Bourguet et al ). Considering the low number of rabbits from which fungal conjunctival organisms were isolated, it is possible that the relative scarcity of keratomycosis will be explained in part by the low number of fungi present in the rabbit conjunctiva.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjunctival bacterial and fungal flora and cutaneous fungal flora in healthy domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Bourguet

Desprez

Volait

et al. 2019

J of Small Animal Practice

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Objectives To determine the normal conjunctival bacterial and fungal flora in healthy rabbits, to compare the fungal flora from the conjunctival sac with periocular cutaneous fungal flora and to evaluate potential changes in type of micro‐organisms over time. Materials and Methods Samples from 50 pet rabbits with a normal ophthalmic examination were obtained from conjunctival sacs using sterile cotton swabs and from the interpupillary skin space using a piece of sterile carpet. Samples were collected twice, 4 weeks apart, and cultured to evaluate bacterial and fungal populations. Results Bacteria were recovered from 35.9% of conjunctival swabs. Corynebacterium species (32.4%), Staphylococcus species (18.3%), Pasteurella species (9.9%) and Moraxella species (8.5%) were the most frequently isolated organisms. Fungi were recovered from 14.6% of conjunctival swabs. The most common fungal genera were Aspergillus (37%), Scopulariopsis (14.8%) and Penicillium (11.1%). Fungal cultures from periocular integument yielded positive results in 96.3% of samples; the same fungal organism was isolated in both conjunctival and cutaneous culture in nine of 20 rabbits (45%). When comparing results 4 weeks apart in 32 of 50 animals, only three rabbits with a positive bacterial culture and one rabbit with a positive fungal culture had the same result at the subsequent test. Clinical Significance Fungi and bacteria isolated from the conjunctival sac of rabbits may represent transient seeding from the environment. To our knowledge, this is the first report of fungal composition of the conjunctival sac of rabbits and evaluation of the potential transient nature of both bacterial and fungal composition of this conjunctival flora.

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“…Keratomycosis, or fungal keratitis, has been reported in rabbits. Resolution was achieved following an eight‐week course of topical terbinafine 1 per cent ointment (Bourgeat and others 2015).…”

Section: Corneal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Guide to ophthalmology in rabbits

Maini¹,

Hartley²

2019

In Practice

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Keratomycosis in a pet rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) treated with topical 1% terbinafine ointment

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

Case Report: Successful Management of Refractory Keratomycosis in an Alpaca Using Penetrating Keratoplasty and Combination Antifungal Therapy (Caspofungin 0.5% and Terbinafine 1%)

Case Report: Successful Management of Refractory Keratomycosis in an Alpaca Using Penetrating Keratoplasty and Combination Antifungal Therapy (Caspofungin 0.5% and Terbinafine 1%)

Conjunctival bacterial and fungal flora and cutaneous fungal flora in healthy domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Guide to ophthalmology in rabbits

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