Keratoconus

Smiddy, William E.; Hamburg, Tracey R.; Kracher, Gregory P.; Stark, Walter J.

doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(88)33161-1

Cited by 96 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Spectacles can give an acceptable vision to people in the early stages of their condition, and they are beneficial for those with a visual acuity of 20/40 or greater. On the other hand, spectacles cannot rectify irregular astigmatism, and in such circumstances, hard contact lenses can improve the patient’s vision [ 4 , 5 ]. Penetrating or deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty has been the cornerstone of treatment for advanced KC [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening a Panel of Topical Ophthalmic Medications against MMP-2 and MMP-9 to Investigate Their Potential in Keratoconus Management

et al. 2022

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Keratoconus (KC) is a serious disease that can affect people of any race or nationality, although the exact etiology and pathogenic mechanism are still unknown. In this study, thirty-two FDA-approved ophthalmic drugs were exposed to virtual screening using docking studies against both the MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins to find the most promising inhibitors as a proposed computational mechanism to treat keratoconus. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent proteases, and MMP inhibitors (MMPIs) are usually designed to interact with zinc ion in the catalytic (CAT) domain, thus interfering with enzymatic activity. In our research work, the FDA-approved ophthalmic medications will be investigated as MMPIs, to explore if they can be repurposed for KC treatment. The obtained findings of the docking study suggest that atenolol and ampicillin are able to accommodate into the active sites of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Additionally, both exhibited binding modes similar to inhibitors used as references, with an ability to bind to the zinc of the CAT. Molecular dynamic simulations and the MM-GBSA binding free-energy calculations revealed their stable binding over the course of 50 ns. An additional pharmacophoric study was carried out on MMP-9 (PDB ID: 1GKC) using the co-crystallized ligand as a reference for the future design and screening of the MMP-9 inhibitors. These promising results open the door to further biological research to confirm such theoretical results.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening a Panel of Topical Ophthalmic Medications against MMP-2 and MMP-9 to Investigate Their Potential in Keratoconus Management

et al. 2022

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“…Highly irregular astigmatism and high myopia in the advanced stage make spectacle correction unsatisfactory or impossible. They also make contact lens correction intolerable, because of the poor fit between the lens and the cornea (Rabinowitz, 1998;Smiddy et al, 1988). Following the advanced stage, keratoconus may further develop into the complication stage with spontaneous Descemet's membrane (DM) tears causing highly acute stromal edema (Sharma et al, 2011), and even the occasional occurrence of perforation (Yeh and Smith, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term comparison of full-bed deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty and penetrating keratoplasty in treating keratoconus

Zhang

Yao

2013

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Abstract:Objective: To compare postoperative outcomes of full-bed deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) with penetrating keratoplasty (PK) in treating keratoconus. Methods: Seventy-five eyes of 64 patients who received full-bed DALK and 52 eyes of 51 patients who received PK between June 2000 and August 2010 were included in this retrospective study. Full-bed DALK was performed using Yao's hooking-detaching technique. PK was performed using a standard technique. Intraoperative and postoperative complications, visual acuity, rejection, graft survival, endothelial cell density, corneal sensation recovery, and re-innervation were compared between the two groups. Results: A best correct visual acuity of 0.5 or better was achieved in 90.7% of eyes after full-bed DALK and in 92.3% of eyes after PK (P=0.75). By the fifth postoperative year, graft endothelial cell loss reached 34.6% in the PK group vs. 13.9% in the full-bed DALK group (P<0.001). There were no statistical differences in corneal sensitivity recovery or corneal re-innervation between the groups (P>0.05). Intraoperative microperforation occurred in seven out of 75 (9.3%) eyes with a temporally postoperative double anterior chamber in two eyes in the full-bed DALK group. Postoperative complications in the PK vs. the full-bed DALK groups respectively were: rejection (7.7% vs. 0%, P=0.015), high intraocular pressure (IOP) (46.2% vs. 1.3%, P<0.001), secondary glaucoma (9.6% vs. 0%, P=0.006), complicated cataract (19.2% vs. 0%, P<0.001), and wound dehiscence (9.6% vs. 0%, P=0.006). Conclusions: Both full-bed DALK and PK can offer long-term satisfactory visual outcomes for keratoconus. Graft rejection, secondary glaucoma, complicated cataracts, and constant endothelial cell loss were observed in eyes only after PK.

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“…Moreover, the pathophysiological processes underlying keratoconus have not been fully explained and proposed mechanisms including oxidative dam-age, proteolytic degradation in the corneal stroma, epithelial mechanical injury, immunological factors, and genetic factors have been suggested. [1][2][3][4] reported an incidence of keratoconus in 3.5% to 8% of patients with Down syndrome. Furthermore, hormonal imbalances affect the corneal metabolism and may be associated with keratoconus.…”

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confidence: 99%

Association Between Keratoconus and Thyroid Gland Dysfunction: A Cross-Sectional Case–Control Study

Elmassry¹,

Doheim²,

Iqbal³

et al. 2020

J Refract Surg

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K eratoconus is a corneal ectatic disorder that starts at puberty and decreases the radius of curvature of the central cornea. 1 Kennedy et al. 2 reported that the incidence rate is 1 per 50,000 among the population. Moreover, the pathophysiological processes underlying keratoconus have not been fully explained and proposed mechanisms including oxidative dam-age, proteolytic degradation in the corneal stroma, epithelial mechanical injury, immunological factors, and genetic factors have been suggested. [1][2][3][4] reported an incidence of keratoconus in 3.5% to 8% of patients with Down syndrome. Furthermore, hormonal imbalances affect the corneal metabolism and may be associated with keratoconus. Likewise, thyroid gland ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To examine the clinical association between thyroid gland dysfunction and keratoconus. METHODS:This was a cross-sectional case-control study conducted between May 2018 and July 2019. After performing Pentacam (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) examination, flat, steep, and maximum simulated keratometric readings were recorded for each patient. Serum concentrations of free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, and thyroidstimulating hormone were measured. Further examinations by an endocrinologist were indicated for patients with positive laboratory results to confirm thyroid gland dysfunction. RESULTS:One hundred eighty-seven patients with bilateral keratoconus and 187 sex-and age-matched healthy controls without keratoconus were analyzed. Mean age was 26.4 ± 8.2 years for the patients with keratoconus and 27.1 ± 9.4 years for the control patients, with no significant difference. The results showed that thyroid gland dysfunction prevalence was 10 of 187 patients with keratoconus (5.3%) and 2 of 187 control patients (1.1%), and the difference was statistically significant (P = .036). For the patients with keratoconus and thyroid gland dysfunction, 8 were women and 2 were men. Additionally, 6 patients (2 men and 4 women) had hyperthyrosis and 4 women had hypothyrosis. For controls, the two patients had hypothyrosis. CONCLUSIONS:This study showed that there is a possible association between keratoconus and thyroid gland dysfunction, but more studies are needed to build upon these results.[J Refract Surg. 2020;36(4):253-257.] (AT). © 2020 El-Massry, Doheim, Iqbal, et al.; licensee SLACK Incorporated. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons . This license allows users to copy and distribute, to remix, transform, and build upon the article non-commercially, provided the author is attributed and the new work is non-commercial.

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Keratoconus

Cited by 96 publications

References 15 publications

Screening a Panel of Topical Ophthalmic Medications against MMP-2 and MMP-9 to Investigate Their Potential in Keratoconus Management

Screening a Panel of Topical Ophthalmic Medications against MMP-2 and MMP-9 to Investigate Their Potential in Keratoconus Management

Long-term comparison of full-bed deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty and penetrating keratoplasty in treating keratoconus

Association Between Keratoconus and Thyroid Gland Dysfunction: A Cross-Sectional Case–Control Study

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