Keratinocyte and lymphocyte apoptosis: relation to disease outcome in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with and without cutaneous manifestations

Apoptosis of keratinocytes and serum DNase I activity in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus: relationship with clinical and immunoserological parameters

“…Apoptosis of keratinocytes in CLE is associated with skin inflammation . This fact could explain the findings of our study that patients with higher AI in skin lesions had higher parameters of acute inflammation measured by CLASI A.…”

“…This can be particularly important if the anti‐inflammatory removal of apoptotic cells is delayed, with consecutive secondary necrosis of keratinocytes . Analogously to patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), several authors propose the hypothesis that the impaired or delayed removal of apoptotic cells in patients with CLE is responsible for the accumulation of apoptotic cells undergoing secondary necrosis, causing local tissue inflammation …”

Assessment of serum vascular endothelial growth factor and nail fold capillaroscopy changes in systemic lupus erythematosus with and without cutaneous manifestations

“… 24 who observed higher serum VEGF in SLE patients with immunoglobulin deposits at the dermoepidermal junction. This may be attributed to the fact that SLE patients with cutaneous manifestations have more active disease, worse disease outcome and renal involvement than those without 12 . Considering that SLE patients with cutaneous manifestations showed no significant difference in NFC findings from those without, we can postulate that the change in VEGF serum levels occur at an earlier stage than its possible effect on nail fold capillaries which may show changes later in the disease course.…”

“…Our review of previously published data regarding SLE revealed that few studies 4,11 have evaluated the relationship between capillaroscopic changes, VEGF and clinical manifestations of SLE with no one targeting specifically the relationship of these parameters with cutaneous involvement in SLE and their relation to disease activity. SLE patients with cutaneous manifestations have more disease severity, apoptosis and kidney involvement compared to those without 12 . This directed our attention to the possible significance of VEGF and NFC assessment in SLE patients with cutaneous manifestations and their likely potential value in determining the clinical course of the disease and assessing its activity.…”

“…SLE patients with cutaneous manifestations have more disease severity, apoptosis and kidney involvement compared to those without. 12 This directed our attention to the possible significance of VEGF and NFC assessment in SLE patients with cutaneous manifestations and their likely potential value in determining the clinical course of the disease and assessing its activity.…”