Kepone in the James River

Huggett, Robert J.; Bender, Michael E.

doi:10.1021/es60168a001

Cited by 50 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…The destruction of the perchlorinated bishomocubane “cage” structure presumably responsible for its environmental recalcitrance (Huggett, 1989; Macarie et al, 2016) opens the way toward its complete biomineralization.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Degradation of a Recalcitrant Pesticide: Chlordecone

et al. 2016

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Chlordecone (Kepone®) is a synthetic organochlorine insecticide (C10Cl10O) used worldwide mostly during the 1970 and 1980s. Its intensive application in the French West Indies to control the banana black weevil Cosmopolites sordidus led to a massive environmental pollution. Persistence of chlordecone in soils and water for numerous decades even centuries causes global public health and socio-economic concerns. In order to investigate the biodegradability of chlordecone, microbial enrichment cultures from soils contaminated by chlordecone or other organochlorines and from sludge of a wastewater treatment plant have been conducted. Different experimental procedures including original microcosms were carried out anaerobically over long periods of time. GC-MS monitoring resulted in the detection of chlorinated derivatives in several cultures, consistent with chlordecone biotransformation. More interestingly, disappearance of chlordecone (50 μg/mL) in two bacterial consortia was concomitant with the accumulation of a major metabolite of formula C9Cl5H3 (named B1) as well as two minor metabolites C10Cl9HO (named A1) and C9Cl4H4 (named B3). Finally, we report the isolation and the complete genomic sequences of two new Citrobacter isolates, closely related to Citrobacter amalonaticus, and that were capable of reproducing chlordecone transformation. Further characterization of these Citrobacter strains should yield deeper insights into the mechanisms involved in this transformation process.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Degradation of a Recalcitrant Pesticide: Chlordecone

et al. 2016

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“…This is due in part to an increase in concern for contamination by certain compounds, for example, kepone (Huggett and Bender, 1980), as well as improvements in the analytical methodology …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organochlorine residues in finfish from Maryland waters 1976–1980

Eisenberg

Topping

1985

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B

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Organochlorine pesticide and herbicide levels were monitored in samples of a variety of edible finfish harvested from the Maryland section of the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries over a five-year period (1976-80). Qualitative and quantitative information was obtained for the various polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's), heptachlor, alpha-BHC, chlordane, DDD, DDE, DDT, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlorepoxide, lindane, mirex, methoxychlor, aldrin, toxaphene, hexachlorobenzene, kepone and dacthal. In addition to analyses of the flesh of the animals, organochlorine residue levels were determined in roe or gonad tissue of several samples. Striped bass, white perch and yellow perch samples showed significantly higher concentrations of certain of these substances in roe or gonad tissue, especially PCB's, chlordane, DDD and dieldrin. Significantly higher levels of six organochlorine residues were found in the gonad tissue of striped bass; however, similar studies on gonad tissue of American Shad, harvested from the same region, show no such enhancement. Rather, the reverse is true; levels of certain organochlorine residues are higher in flesh tissue. All mean values, and virtually all individual values of organochlorine concentrations in the edible portion of the fish were within the U.S. Food and Drug Administration guideline, where such guidelines have been established.

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“…Par rapport à l'épan-dage de ces produits en agriculture, ce type de contamination par les effluents industriels se caractérise par des rejets à fortes teneurs et localisés dans l'espace. Plusieurs exemples de contamination des eaux superficielles peuvent être cités comme celui de la James River dans la baie de Cheasapeake aux Etats-Unis par le képone, insecticide chloré (HUGGETT et BENDER, 1980) ou de la baie de Californie par les effluents d'une usine productrice de DDT (YOUNG et al, 1977). On retrouve égale-ment des pesticides dans les effluents d'usines utilisatrices de ces produits, telles celles où est travaillé le bois (dieldrine 12 à 65 mg/1), l'industrie textile notamment dans les effluents d'unités de lavage de la laine et des tapis (malathion, lindane, dieldrine, etc.…”

Section: -1 Sources Ponctuellesunclassified

La contamination des eaux continentales par les micropolluants organiques

Marchand¹

2005

rseau

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Il y a environ 50 000 à 60 000 composés chimiques utilisés communément à des fins techniques. Certains d'entre eux sont toxiques et leur rejet dans l'environnement peut constituer une menace pour l'équilibre des écosystèmes aquatiques et pour la santé humaine. Plusieurs listes de substances dangereuses, appelées également polluants chimiques prioritaires, ont ainsi été établies par des organismes nationaux ou internationaux, notamment par l'EPA aux Etats-Unis, la CEE en Europe, l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS). La nécessité de protéger les milieux aquatiques et la santé humaine a par ailleurs amené le développement de standards, de critères de qualité des eaux naturelles et des eaux potables, vis-à-vis de ces contaminants chimiques.Les sources de pollution sont diverses, se partageant entre les sources localisées comme les effluents urbains et industriels et les sources diffuses comme les eaux de ruissellement en zones rurales et en zones urbaines et les retombées atmosphériques. Différentes processus biogéochimiques déterminent les mécanismes de transport et de transformation des polluants organiques dans le milieu aquatique, et la bioaccumutation dans les organismes vivants représente un important aspect de ce comportement.Une première évaluation de la qualité des eaux continentales (rivières, lacs, eaux souterraines) est effectuée en examinant les données recueillies à travers le réseau de surveillance mondiale de la qualité de l'eau (GENS/EAUX) mis en place par deux organismes des Nations Unies, l'OMS et le PNUE. D'autres sources d'informations, publiées dans la littérature scientifique, ont été également utilisées pour évaluer les niveaux de concentrations observés pour différents groupes de polluants organiques dans les eaux naturelles et les eaux potables. La plupart des données disponibles proviennent d'un nombre limité de pays industriels d'Amérique du Nord, d'Europe et du Japon. Il y a une dramatique absence d'informations concernant la qualité chimique des eaux continentales dans les pays les moins développés d'Afrique, d'Amérique Latine et d'Asie. A l'heure actuelle, la stratégie de surveillance des polluants chimiques à l'échelle mondiale est donc loin d'être réellement satisfaisante.There are about 50,000 to 60,000 chemical compounds used for technical purposes. Some are toxic and the discharge of these substances in the environment can be a threat to the balance of aquatic ecosystems and to human health. Several lists of dangerous substances, also called major chemical pollutants, have been drawn up by various national or international bodies such as the EPA in the United States, the EEC in Europe or the World Health Organization (WHO). The need to protect the aquatic environment and human health has also led to the establishment of standards and of quality criteria for natural and drinking water subject to these chemical contaminants.There are several sources of pollution, punctual sources such as urban and industrial effluents and diffuse sources such as run-offs from agricultural land a...

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Kepone in the James River

Cited by 50 publications

References 6 publications

Microbial Degradation of a Recalcitrant Pesticide: Chlordecone

Microbial Degradation of a Recalcitrant Pesticide: Chlordecone

Organochlorine residues in finfish from Maryland waters 1976–1980

La contamination des eaux continentales par les micropolluants organiques

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