Kenya-China Cooperation and Implementation Actors Amidst Policy Transfer and Learning Processes

Abstract

Amidst the policy transfer and learning processes in China-Africa relations, pertinent influences have arisen: dimensions of involvement, involved actors and process localization, especially regarding the youth. The presented insights highlight context and dynamics in the Kenya-China cooperation and implementation actors amidst policy transfer and learning processes. Integrative literature review methodology was adopted. Though Kenya-China relations involve state and non-state actors, the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) are the two core pathways that power development architecture. China's policy toward Kenya significantly manifests in the context of FOCAC and BRI initiatives and bilateral policy frameworks are generally aligned with Kenya's national development strategies. FOCAC drives policy debate and formulation whereas BRI drives its funding and implementation. Challenges like knowledge and skill transfer, processes localization and disparities in bilateral trade and treaties have persisted with notable improvements in sectorial bilateral and/or capacity exchanges engagements. Progressively, more emphasis should be engrained in information and communications technology (ICT) and education for skills capacity besides policy transfer and learning processes localization. This is so because they are the determinants that drive FOCAC and BRI's broader philosophical and ideological framework.

Personality traits and substance use among college students in Eldoret, Kenya

“…Although it was beyond the scope of this study to determine the enforcement and implementation of the different institutional alcohol and drug abuse policies, this could most probably vary and significantly affect or contribute to the differences observed in the odds of lifetime substance use among the colleges. Elsewhere, Otieno et al in a 2015 thesis [ 35 ] on implementation of alcohol and drug abuse policy in Kenyan universities found that there was lack of resources, training and even screening tools needed to implement policy. The study [ 35 ] adopted the Contextual Interaction Theory (CIT) of policy implementation which states that for policy to be successful, resources, training, and clear patterns of communication between actors must be available.…”

“…Elsewhere, Otieno et al in a 2015 thesis [ 35 ] on implementation of alcohol and drug abuse policy in Kenyan universities found that there was lack of resources, training and even screening tools needed to implement policy. The study [ 35 ] adopted the Contextual Interaction Theory (CIT) of policy implementation which states that for policy to be successful, resources, training, and clear patterns of communication between actors must be available. Hence resources are clearly needed for implementation; yet in Kenya only 0.01% of the National Health budget is allocated to Mental Health [ 36 ].…”