Kelvin and Mixed Rossby-Gravity Waves Appearing in the GFDL "SKYHI" General Circulation Model and the FGGE Dataset : Implications for Their Generation Mechanism and Role in the QBO

Hayashi, Yoshikazu; Golder, D. G.

doi:10.2151/jmsj1965.72.6_901

Cited by 26 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…It could be that the eastward-and westwardmoving gravity waves and Kelvin waves appearing in the model with the moist convective adjustment scheme are due to the "saturation-triggering mechanism" proposed by Hayashi and Golder (1994). This mechanism hypothesizes that transient waves coupled with moist convection are amplified by the random convective heat pulses produced by the abrupt onset of moist convection, triggered upon intermittent supersaturation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The dominant signal in the frequency domain is the steady component, which had been found in the standard GCM simulation (cf . Hayashi and Golder, 1994). For sufficiently long simulated data, the precipitation should exhibit spectral peaks corresponding to intraseasonal oscillations and superclusters, as demonstrated by Hayashi and Golder (1993).…”

Section: Comparison With a Lower Horizontal Resolution Modelmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…It should be noted that the wavenumebr 1(global wavenumber 5) westward- propagating gravity wave does not distinctly appear in the realistic global SKYHI model with moist convective adjustment (cf. Hayashi and Golder, 1994). Figures 9a and 9b show the wavenumberfrequency distributions of the zonal wind and vertical wind, respectively, at the 0.002 sigma level (about 2 mb) in the upper stratosphere.…”

Section: -2-1 Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results, however, may suggest the possible role of gravity waves in the QBO in the observed atmosphere. Hayashi and Golder (1994) demonstrated that the realistic N30 GFDL SKYHI model adequately produces both Kelvin and Rossby-gravity waves. It was also suggested that the weakness of the simulated QBO was due to small-scale gravity waves not being adequately produced by the model.…”

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confidence: 95%

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Equatorial Wave Behavior in a Three-Dimensional Sector Model

Takahashi

Kumakura

1995

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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Equatorial waves in a three-dimensional sector (1/5) model with moist convective adjustment are examined. The model is derived from a preliminary version of the Center for Climate System Research/National Institute for Environmental Studies (CCSR/NIES) general circulation model. The model produces a QBOlike oscillation in the equatorial upper stratosphere (Takahashi and Shiobara, 1995).There is a strong signal in the tonal wavenumber s=1 (global zonal wavenumber 5, since the model is a 1/5 sector), meridional mode number n=1 having a period of 2.5 days, corresponding to a westwardpropagating equatorial gravity wave. The wave produces the dominant easterly phase of the QBO-like oscillation. The signal is also clearly seen in the precipitation. The eastward-propagating waves which produce the westerlies in the QBO-like oscillation are rather complicated. The signals are difficult to identify with equatorial waves, for example the Kelvin wave or n=1 equatorial gravity wave. The wave structures are like an ensemble of random gravity waves. These gravity waves produce the QBO-like oscillation in the sector model.A lower horizontal resolution experiment, using the T21 global model, is also performed to compare equatorial wave behavior. Kelvin and Rossby-gravity waves are simulated in the T21 general circulation model. Simulated gravity waves are, however, weak and as a result, the T21 model does not produce a QBO-like oscillation, but rather a steady state of easterlies in the equatorial upper stratosphere with westerlies in the middle stratosphere.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Comparison With a Lower Horizontal Resolution Modelmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: -2-1 Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 95%

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Equatorial Wave Behavior in a Three-Dimensional Sector Model

Takahashi

Kumakura

1995

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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“…Concerning general circulation model (GCM) studies, Hayashi and Golder (1994) demonstrated that the realistic N30 GFDL SKYHI general circulation model adequately produces both Kelvin and Rossby-gravity waves. They also suggested that the weakness of the QBO simulated in the model is due to small-scale gravity waves not being adequately produced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equatorial Waves in a General Circulation Model Simulating a Quasi-Biennial-Oscillation

Takahashi

Zhao

Kumakura

1997

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in the equatorial lower stratosphere has been well simulated in the first version of the Center for Climate System Research/National Institute for Environmental Studies (CCSR/NIES) atmospheric general circulation model (Takahashi, 1996). The model horizontal resolution is T21 with 60 layers of vertical resolution of about 500m in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, with a moist convective adjustment scheme. The period of the simulated oscillation is 1.5 years, which is slightly shorter than that observed.The equatorial wave behavior in the model is examined using the spectral analysis method. The westerly acceleration phase of the QBO-like oscillation in the model is due to Kelvin waves and eastwardpropagating gravity waves. The easterly acceleration phase of the oscillation is due to westward-propagating n=1 equatorial gravity waves, random westward-propagating gravity waves and Rossby waves propagating from the mid-latitudes in the northern winter hemisphere to the equatorial region. The Rossby-gravity wave has a role in the easterly acceleration of the QBO-like oscillation in the present general circulation model.

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Two Day Wave Traveling Westward With Wave Number 1 During the Sudden Stratospheric Warming in January 2017

et al. 2018

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Quasi‐two day wave propagating westward with wave number 1 (W1) in January 2017 is studied using global temperature observed by Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry and wind observed by a meteor radar at Fuke, China (19.0°N, 109.8°E). The amplitude of W1 significantly enhances during January 2017, when two stratospheric warming events occur. The temperature perturbation of W1 reaches maximum amplitude of more than 6 K at latitude ±15° around ~84 km and ~95 km. The structure of temperature W1 is symmetric with regard to the equator. The temporal variation of W1 is consistent with the stationary planetary wave with wave number 2 (SPW2), but contrary to the quasi‐two day wave propagating westward with wave number 3 (W3). When SPW2 is large during two sudden stratospheric warming events, energy transfers from W3 to W1. Two bursts of the 2 day wave in meridional wind observed by the meteor radar are just corresponding to the local maxima of W3 and W1, respectively. We conclude that during January 2017, W1 is generated by the nonlinear interaction between SPW2 and W3. SPW2 which is modulated by the quasi‐16 day perturbation in the stratosphere plays a key role in the energy transmission from W3 to W1, and it is responsible for the 16 day variation of W1.

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Kelvin and Mixed Rossby-Gravity Waves Appearing in the GFDL "SKYHI" General Circulation Model and the FGGE Dataset : Implications for Their Generation Mechanism and Role in the QBO

Cited by 26 publications

References 91 publications

Equatorial Wave Behavior in a Three-Dimensional Sector Model

Equatorial Wave Behavior in a Three-Dimensional Sector Model

Equatorial Waves in a General Circulation Model Simulating a Quasi-Biennial-Oscillation

Two Day Wave Traveling Westward With Wave Number 1 During the Sudden Stratospheric Warming in January 2017

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