Kelp cultivation effectively improves water quality and regulates phytoplankton community in a turbid, highly eutrophic bay

Jiang, Zhibing; Liu, Jingjing; Li, Shanglu; Chen, Yue; Du, Ping; Zhu, Yuanli; Liao, Yibo; Chen, Quanzhen; Shou, Lidan; Yan, Xiaojun; Zeng, Jiangning; Chen, Jianfang

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135561

Cited by 57 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Besides the competition for nutrient resources, the macroalgae canopies may also reduce downward solar irradiance ('canopy shading') and thus limit phytoplankton photosynthesis beneath the macroalgae (Jiang et al, 2020)). Furthermore, zooplankton can graze on macroalgae (Baird et al, 2003).…”

Section: Interactions With Pelagic Microbial Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Dioxide Removal via Macroalgae Open-ocean Mariculture and Sinking: An Earth System Modeling Study

Keller

Oschlies

2022

Preprint

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Abstract. In this study we investigate open-ocean macroalgae mariculture and sinking (MOS) as ocean-based carbon dioxide removal (CDR) method. Embedding a macroalgae model into an Earth system model, we simulate macroalgae mariculture in the open-ocean surface layer followed by fast sinking of the carbon-rich macroalgal biomass to the deep seafloor (depth > 3,000 m). We also test the combination of MOS with artificial upwelling (AU), which fertilizes the macroalgae by pumping nutrient-rich deeper water to the surface. The simulations are done under RCP4.5 a moderate emission pathway. When deployed globally between years 2020 and 2100, the simulated CDR potential of MOS is 270 PgC, which is further boosted by AU to 447 PgC. More than half of MOS-sequestered carbon retains in the ocean after cessation at year 2100 until year 3000. The major side effect of MOS on pelagic ecosystems is the reduction of phytoplankton net primary production (PNPP) due to the nutrient competition and canopy shading by macroalgae. MOS shrinks the mid layer oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) by reducing the organic matter export to, and remineralization in, subsurface and intermediate waters, while it creates new OMZs on the seafloor by oxygen consumption from remineralization of sunken biomass. MOS also impacts the global carbon cycle, reduces the atmospheric and terrestrial carbon reservoir when enhancing the ocean carbon reservoir. MOS also enriches the dissolved inorganic carbon in the deep ocean. Effects are mostly reversible after cessation of MOS, though recovery is not complete by year 3000. In a sensitivity experiment without remineralization of sunk MOS biomass, the entire MOS-captured carbon is permanently stored in the ocean, but the lack of remineralized nutrients causes a long-term nutrient decline in the surface layers and thus reduces PNPP. Our results suggest that MOS has a considerable potential as an ocean-based CDR method. However, MOS has inherent side effects on marine ecosystems and biogeochemistry, which will require a careful evaluation beyond this first idealized modeling study.

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Section: Interactions With Pelagic Microbial Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Dioxide Removal via Macroalgae Open-ocean Mariculture and Sinking: An Earth System Modeling Study

Keller

Oschlies

2022

Preprint

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“…Eutrophication can initiate phase shifts in coastal ecosystems whereby turf algae benefit from the overloading of nutrients and cover substrate onto which kelp may grow and recruit, causing declines in kelp forests (Eriksson et al 2002, Gorgula & Connell 2004, Connell et al 2008). However, kelps including S. latissima can grow robustly using aquaculture approaches in eutrophic ecosystems (Kim et al 2015, Jiang et al 2020, and the results shown here demonstrate that, without competition, elevated nutrients can benefit S. latissima via enhanced growth rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…In some temperate regions, excessive nutrient loading can initiate a succession whereby kelp forests become overgrown by turf algae (Eriksson et al 2002, Connell et al 2008) and this succession may be accelerated by acidification (Connell & Russell 2010). Still, kelp can also exist in ecosystems where turf algae are rare, and kelp can be purposely grown in more eutrophic locales for aquaculture purposes (Kim et al 2015, Jiang et al 2020. While climate change and eutrophication are strong environmental drivers in coastal ecosystems, the manner in which nutrients and acidification act, and potentially interact, to directly alter kelp growth is not fully clear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual benefit of ocean acidification for the laminarialean kelp Saccharina latissima: enhanced growth and reduced herbivory

Young

Doall

Gobler

2021

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The laminarialean kelp Saccharina latissima is a common macroalga along rocky shorelines that is also frequently used in aquaculture. This study examined how ocean acidification may alter the growth of S. latissima as well as grazing on S. latissima by the gastropod Lacuna vincta. Under elevated nutrients, S. latissima experienced significantly enhanced growth at pCO2 levels ≥1200 µatm compared to ambient pCO2 (~400 µatm). Elevated pCO2 (≥830 µatm) also significantly reduced herbivory of L. vincta grazing on S. latissima relative to ambient pCO2. There was no difference in grazing of S. latissima previously grown under elevated or ambient pCO2, suggesting lowered herbivory was due to harm to the gastropods rather than alteration of the biochemical composition of the kelp. Decreased herbivory was specifically elicited when L. vincta were exposed to elevated pCO2 in the absence of food for ≥18 h prior to grazing, with reduced grazing persisting 72 h. Elevated growth of S. latissima and reduced grazing by L. vincta at 1200 µatm pCO2 combined to increase net growth rates of S. latissima more than 4-fold relative to ambient pCO2. L. vincta consumed 70% of daily production by S. latissima under ambient pCO2 but only 38 and 9% at 800 and 1200 µatm, respectively. Collectively, decreased grazing by L. vincta coupled with enhanced growth of S. latissima under elevated pCO2 demonstrates that increased CO2 associated with climate change and/or coastal processes will dually benefit commercially and ecologically important kelps by both promoting growth and reducing grazing pressure.

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“…Furthermore, macroalgae and the large‐scale cultivation thereof are effective carbon sinks that contribute to ocean carbon sequestration (Duarte et al, 2017; Krause‐Jensen & Duarte, 2016; Ortega et al, 2019; Wu et al, 2020). The uses of seaweed culture to improve water quality, repair eutrophic ecosystems, control harmful algal blooms, cope with climate change, slow ocean acidification and achieve a win‐win situations for the environment, and economy have attracted significant attentions (Duan et al, 2019; Jiang et al, 2020; Wu et al, 2017; Yang et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences of photosynthesis and nutrient utilization in Sargassum fusiforme and its main epiphyte, Ulva lactuca

Tian

Zheng

et al. 2022

Aquaculture Research

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Sargassum fusiforme is often adversely affected by epiphytic algae during its cultivation. However, the biological differences between S. fusiforme and the epiphytic algaehave not yet been elucidated detrimental to the management of S. fusiforme culture.In this study, we sampled S. fusiforme and main epiphytic algae Ulva lactuca in a marine culture cycle and compared their biological characteristics. It indicated that, except during low-temperature months (January and March), the photosynthetic electron activity of U. lactuca were generally higher than S. fusiforme. The nitrogen uptake rates of S. fusiforme and U. lactuca were all significantly higher in the earlier growth stage than other stages. In most cases, the nitrogen uptake and utilization of U. lactuca was higher than those of S. fusiforme. Although S. fusiforme absorbed more trace elements, U. lactuca had relatively strong photosynthesis and nutrient absorption performance; thus, the latter accumulated more soluble carbohydrate and protein and may have stress effect on S. fusiforme. This study will be helpful for understanding the differences in the biological characteristics of economic seaweed and its epiphytic macroalgae and provides a reference for the friendly management and healthy development of seaweed cultivation.

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Kelp cultivation effectively improves water quality and regulates phytoplankton community in a turbid, highly eutrophic bay

Cited by 57 publications

References 53 publications

Carbon Dioxide Removal via Macroalgae Open-ocean Mariculture and Sinking: An Earth System Modeling Study

Carbon Dioxide Removal via Macroalgae Open-ocean Mariculture and Sinking: An Earth System Modeling Study

Dual benefit of ocean acidification for the laminarialean kelp Saccharina latissima: enhanced growth and reduced herbivory

Differences of photosynthesis and nutrient utilization in Sargassum fusiforme and its main epiphyte, Ulva lactuca

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