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Abstract

This research was conducted to evaluate the partial replacement of plant sources by date waste meal (DWM) on growth, hematological and resistance of common carp. A total of 168 common carp fingerling (2.44±0.02 g) were randomly assigned to four groups in triplicate and fed for 12 weeks with substitution of plant sources by 5%, 10% and 15% of DWM and control diet. Some growth and feed utilization parameters including WG, SGR, CF, PER and LER were improved in group fed with 10% DWM; but, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in growth and feeding parameters between different groups. The results showed that replacement of plant sources by DWM in diets did not affect MCV, MCH and all biochemical parameters while the fish treated with 15% WDM exhibited significantly decrease in RBC, Hb and neutrophil compare to the control and other groups (P<0.05). In addition, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) of Hct, MCV, MCH and all biochemical parameters between treatment groups. Resistance rate to acidy and thermal-salinity stress increased significantly in 5% DWM and control group (P<0.05), respectively. The present study indicates that DWM may be included up to 10% as a substitute for plant sources in common carp diet.

Evaluation of fermented date palm seed meal withAspergillus oryzaeon the growth, digestion capacity and immune response of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

“…No growth depression was observed by the inclusion of DSM up to 200 g/kg diet. Similarly, the inclusion of DSM has been reported to improve the growth performance in Nile tilapia (Assem et al, ; Zaki et al, ), African catfish (Sotolu et al, ) and common carp (Ahmed et al, ; Kamali‐Sanzighi et al, ; Mohammadi et al, ). Furthermore, FCR was kept within the similar values like the control in the current study.…”

“…Note: Values are expressed as means ± SE (n = 3). Values in a row with different superscripts denote a significant difference p < .05. has a high fibre and ANF contents, which may negatively affect the feed efficiency of fish and growth performance accordingly (Kamali-Sanzighi et al, 2019;Li, Iris, & Li, 2012). High levels of DSM have been shown to reduce weight by increasing both the metabolic rate and energy expenditures while decreasing the digestibility of ingredients because of its content of some ANFs, such as of tannins, catechin monomers and caffeine (Ahmed et al, 2017;Habib et al, 2014;Mohammadi et al, 2018).…”

“…After reviewing the DSM inclusion levels used in previous reports (Akbarzadeh et al, 2019;Kamali-Sanzighi et al, 2019;Mohammadi et al, 2018), five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to include 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g/kg of ASP-fermented DSM (Table 1). All ingredients were completely mixed, then added to produce a stiff dough.…”

“…The DSM contains many bioactive compounds, such as “polyphenols, nitrogenous compounds, vitamins, inorganic elements, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and free sugars” (Bentrad, Gaceb‐Terrak, Benmalek, & Rahmania, ; Habib, Platat, Meudec, Cheynier, & Ibrahim, ; Hoseinifar et al, ). Previous studies have demonstrated the beneficial impacts of DSM‐integrated diets on growth performance, immune response, oxidative status and stress resistance in aquatic animals (Ahmed et al, ; Akbarzadeh et al, ; Kamali‐Sanzighi et al, ; Mohammadi et al, ; Sotolu et al, ; Zaki et al, ). However, the sources of plant protein are normally low in protein, with high antinutritional factors (ANFs) and unbalanced amino acid profiles that reduce their palatability and limit their application in aquafeed (Dawood & Koshio, ; Gatlin et al, ).…”

Fresh Azolla, Azolla pinnata as a Complementary Feed for Oreochromis niloticus: Growth, Digestive Enzymes, Intestinal Morphology, Physiological Responses, and Flesh Quality

“…Additionally, raising the inclusion level of azolla dramatically reduced the SGR of black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon [ 57 ]. Due to the high levels of crude fiber and ANF, azolla may have a negative impact on fish growth performance and feed efficiency [ 58 – 60 ]. Furthermore, it has been discovered that azolla interacts with digestive enzymes that reduce feed utilization and growth efficiency [ 61 ].…”