Kefir Supplementation Modifies Gut Microbiota Composition, Reduces Physical Fatigue, and Improves Exercise Performance in Mice

Hsu, Yi Ju; Huang, Wen Ching; Lin, Jin Seng; Chen, Yi Ming; Ho, Shang Tse; Huang, Chih‐Wei; Tung, Yu Tang

doi:10.3390/nu10070862

Cited by 84 publications

(93 citation statements)

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“…Among the most popular probiotics, kefir (KF), a drink rich in lactic ferments obtained from the fermentation of milk, has been proposed against hypertension, GI diseases, allergies, ischemic heart disease [164,165], fatigue and fatigue-related metabolites [166,167], and exercise-induced immune suppression [168]. KF is able to lower plasma lactate, ammonia, and creatine kinase (CK) levels, increasing the exercise performance and counteracting physical fatigue in mice [169], altering gut microbiota composition.…”

Section: Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutual Interactions among Exercise, Sport Supplements and Microbiota

et al. 2019

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The adult gut microbiota contains trillions of microorganisms of thousands of different species. Only one third of gut microbiota are common to most people; the rest are specific and contribute to enhancing genetic variation. Gut microorganisms significantly affect host nutrition, metabolic function, immune system, and redox levels, and may be modulated by several environmental conditions, including physical activity and exercise. Microbiota also act like an endocrine organ and is sensitive to the homeostatic and physiological changes associated with training; in turn, exercise has been demonstrated to increase microbiota diversity, consequently improving the metabolic profile and immunological responses. On the other side, adaptation to exercise might be influenced by the individual gut microbiota that regulates the energetic balance and participates to the control of inflammatory, redox, and hydration status. Intense endurance exercise causes physiological and biochemical demands, and requires adequate measures to counteract oxidative stress, intestinal permeability, electrolyte imbalance, glycogen depletion, frequent upper respiratory tract infections, systemic inflammation and immune responses. Microbiota could be an important tool to improve overall general health, performance, and energy availability while controlling inflammation and redox levels in endurance athletes. The relationship among gut microbiota, general health, training adaptation and performance, along with a focus on sport supplements which are known to exert some influence on the microbiota, will be discussed.

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Section: Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutual Interactions among Exercise, Sport Supplements and Microbiota

et al. 2019

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“…As previous reports [26], post-exercise assessment of the effects of supplementation SA-03 on fatigue-related biochemical indicators, and accurate display and assessment of physiological status. Fatigue-related variables were measured under fasting conditions to reflect actual physiological fitness.…”

Section: Determination Of Fatigue-associated Biochemical Variablesmentioning

confidence: 65%

Lactobacillus salivarius Subspecies salicinius SA-03 is a New Probiotic Capable of Enhancing Exercise Performance and Decreasing Fatigue

Lee

Hsu

et al. 2020

Microorganisms

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Probiotics are increasingly being used as a nutritional supplement by athletes to improve exercise performance and reduce post-exercise fatigue. Lactobacillus salivarius is a natural flora in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. Lactobacillus salivarius subspecies salicinius (SA-03) is an isolate from the 2008 Olympic women’s 48 kg weightlifting gold medalist’s gut microbiota. In this study, we investigated its beneficial effects on physical fitness. Male ICR mice were divided into four groups (n = 10 per group) and orally administered with SA-03 for 4 weeks at 0, 2.05 × 109, 4.10 × 109, or 1.03 × 1010 CFU/kg/day. Results showed that 4 weeks of SA-03 supplementation significantly improved muscle strength and endurance performance, increased hepatic and muscular glycogen storage, and decreased lactate, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), ammonia, and creatine kinase (CK) levels after exercise. These observations suggest that SA-03 could be used as a nutritional supplement to enhance exercise performance and reduce.

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“…Furthermore, kefir administration has been shown to reduce physical fatigue and improve exercise performance in mice (Hsu et al 2018). A recent randomized, controlled trial has even shown that kefir can reduce bloating and improve mood in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (Yilmaz et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent randomized, controlled trial has even shown that kefir can reduce bloating and improve mood in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (Yilmaz et al 2019). Finally, kefir has been shown to modulate the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota in rodents (Kim et al 2017, Bourrie et al 2018, Hsu et al 2018, Gao et al 2019). Overall, current evidence indicates that the traditionally fermented milk drink kefir merits investigation to determine its ability to modulate the microbiota-gut-brain axis and affect the mood of the host.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Actions of the Fermented Beverage Kefir on Host Behaviour, Immunity and Microbiome Gut-Brain Modules in the Mouse

Wouw

Walsh

Crispie

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Mounting evidence suggests a role for the gut microbiota in modulating brain physiology and behaviour through bi-directional communication along the gut-brain axis. As such, the gut microbiota represents a potential therapeutic target for influencing centrally-mediated events and host behaviour. It is thus notable that the fermented milk beverage kefir has recently been shown to modulate the composition of the gut microbiota in mice. It is unclear whether kefirs have differential effects on microbiota-gut-brain axis and whether they can modulate host behaviour per se. Methods: To address this, two distinct kefirs (Fr1 and UK4) or unfermented milk control were administered to mice that underwent a battery of tests to characterise their behavioural phenotype. In addition, shotgun metagenomic sequencing of ileal, cecal and faecal matter was performed, as was faecal metabolome analysis. Finally, systemic immunity measures and gut serotonin levels were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA followed by Dunnett's post hoc test or Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney U test.Results: Fr1 ameliorated the stress-induced decrease in serotonergic signalling in the colon and reward-seeking behaviour in the saccharin preference test. On the other hand, UK4 decreased repetitive behaviour and ameliorated stress-induced deficits in reward-seeking behaviour. Furthermore, UK4 increased fear-dependent contextual memory, yet decreased milk gavage-induced improvements long-term spatial learning. In the peripheral immune system, UK4 increased the prevalence of Treg cells and interleukin 10 levels, whereas Fr1 ameliorated the milk gavage stress-induced elevation in neutrophil levels and CXCL1 levels. Analysis of the gut microbiota revealed that both kefirs significantly changed the composition and functional capacity of the host microbiota, where specific bacterial species were changed in a kefir-dependent manner. Furthermore, both kefirs increased the capacity of the gut microbiota to produce GABA, which was linked to an increased prevalence in Lactobacillus reuteri. Conclusions: Altogether, these data show that kefir can signal through the microbiota-gut-immune-brain axis and modulate host behaviour. In addition, different kefirs may direct the microbiota toward distinct immunological and behavioural modulatory effects. These results indicate that kefir can positively modulate specific aspects of the microbiota-gut-brain axis and support the broadening of the definition of psychobiotic to include kefir fermented foods.

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Kefir Supplementation Modifies Gut Microbiota Composition, Reduces Physical Fatigue, and Improves Exercise Performance in Mice

Cited by 84 publications

References 50 publications

Mutual Interactions among Exercise, Sport Supplements and Microbiota

Mutual Interactions among Exercise, Sport Supplements and Microbiota

Lactobacillus salivarius Subspecies salicinius SA-03 is a New Probiotic Capable of Enhancing Exercise Performance and Decreasing Fatigue

Distinct Actions of the Fermented Beverage Kefir on Host Behaviour, Immunity and Microbiome Gut-Brain Modules in the Mouse

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