2005
DOI: 10.1080/13697130500042417
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KEEPS: The Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study

Abstract: Observational studies have indicated that hormone therapy given at or after menopause is linked to substantial reduction in cardiovascular disease and its risk factors. Recent findings from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trial, however, indicate that combined estrogen plus progestin hormone therapy, as well as estrogen-alone hormone therapy (given to women without a uterus), is ineffective in preventing the new onset of cardiac events in previously healthy late menopausal women. Further, the seco… Show more

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Cited by 350 publications
(269 citation statements)
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“…It has been reported that the benefit of treatment only occurs in younger postmenopausal women and this benefit disappears with age (Manson et al , 2007; an effect that may relate to the action of estrogens on platelets. The Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS), currently in progress, was embarked upon to directly address the timing issue, and will assess the antiatherosclerotic effects of conjugated equine estrogens alone and in combination with progesterone transdermally administrated in recently postmenopausal women (Harman et al 2005). These studies should explain, at least in part, the controversy generated by some trials showing that MHT does not confer protection from CVD in postmenopausal women (Manson et al 2003, Anderson et al 2004.…”
Section: Sex Difference In Platelet Functionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It has been reported that the benefit of treatment only occurs in younger postmenopausal women and this benefit disappears with age (Manson et al , 2007; an effect that may relate to the action of estrogens on platelets. The Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS), currently in progress, was embarked upon to directly address the timing issue, and will assess the antiatherosclerotic effects of conjugated equine estrogens alone and in combination with progesterone transdermally administrated in recently postmenopausal women (Harman et al 2005). These studies should explain, at least in part, the controversy generated by some trials showing that MHT does not confer protection from CVD in postmenopausal women (Manson et al 2003, Anderson et al 2004.…”
Section: Sex Difference In Platelet Functionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Other unanswered questions include the effects of other formulations and doses of estrogen and progestin, the effect of non-oral routes of administration, and the effect of such therapy initiated earlier in menopause. This is being investigated in the KEEPS clinical trial, among others [13]. But, to provide an evidence base to inform health care decisions, such research clinical studies must have clinical outcome endpoints, not surrogate markers, and incorporate global risk scores to address the multisystem effects of menopausal hormone therapy.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…At least two clinical trials will consider differential effects of early and late HT, the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS) (Harman et al 2005), and the Early versus Late Intervention Trial with Estrogen (ELITE) (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ ct/show/NCT00114517). In both, cognition will be assessed as secondary outcomes, although the trials are relatively small and further studies will almost certainly be required.…”
Section: Discordant Findings Between Observational Studies and Whimsmentioning
confidence: 99%