Keeping Order: Determining the Effect of TCP Packet Reordering

Arthur, C.M.; Lehane, A.; Harle, D.A.

doi:10.1109/icns.2007.78

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This leads to more out-of-order packets in the receive buffer, which adds an additional re-ordering overhead. TCP misinterprets these out-of-order packets as congestion and reduces its window size, further reducing throughput [6].…”

Section: General Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysing Interface Bonding in 5G WLANs

Dilmore

Doufexi

Oikonomou

2018

2018 IEEE 23rd International Workshop on Computer Aided Modeling and Design of Communication Links and Networks (CAMAD)

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This work proposes a simple analytical model for interface bonding in 5G WLANs at the 2.4 GHz and 60 GHz ISM bands. Based on previous analysis of the IEEE 802.11 DCF by Bianchi and Chatzimisios, an expression for the predicted throughput of the bonded interface is given as a function of the number of competing wireless nodes in each network. The model is implemented and validated in MatLab using the Monte Carlo method. When applied to a practical interface bonding scenario, the model results suggest a practical limit of fifteen 2.4 GHz nodes when bonded with a 60 GHz interface, above which the resulting compound throughput is less than that of a single 60 GHz interface.

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Section: General Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysing Interface Bonding in 5G WLANs

Dilmore

Doufexi

Oikonomou

2018

2018 IEEE 23rd International Workshop on Computer Aided Modeling and Design of Communication Links and Networks (CAMAD)

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“…Besides, a higher value of d and α will reveal the existence of the prevention technique as well as force it to be beyond the range of naturally occurring out-of-order packets. We chose not to go beyond a constant factor of what was measured by other researchers as in [3], [4], [6], [15], [25]. The value selected for α ranged from 0.1% to 5%.…”

Section: Effectiveness Of Prevention Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, our channel is independent from the packets' payloads and not very sensitive to inter-packet jitter, which means that our proposed method goes well beyond previous works that used packet payload to hide the secret messages. The proposed mechanism consists of 1) a code selection mechanism that applies coding theory to carefully select permutation patterns that will enhance robustness and error-resistance, 2) a traffic imitation component that calculates the codeword distribution in order to evade detection, 3) an encoder component at the sender-side as well as 4) a decoder technique for retrieving the sent secret codes at the receiver end.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Class of Robust Covert Channels Using Out-of-Order Packets

El-Atawy

Duan

Al-Shaer

2017

IEEE Trans. Dependable and Secure Comput.

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Covert channels are usually used to circumvent security policies and allow information leakage without being observed.In this paper, we propose a novel covert channel technique using the packet reordering phenomenon as a host for carrying secret communications. Packet reordering is a common phenomenon on the Internet. Moreover, it is handled transparently from the user and application-level processes. This makes it an attractive medium to exploit for sending hidden signals to receivers by dynamically manipulating packet order in a network flow. In our approach, specific permutations of successive packets are selected to enhance the reliability of the channel, while the frequency distribution of their usage is tuned to increase stealthiness by imitating real Internet traffic. It is very expensive for the adversary to discover the covert channel due to the tremendous overhead to buffer and sort the packets among huge amount of background traffic. A simple tool is implemented to demonstrate this new channel. We studied extensively the robustness and capabilities of our proposed channel using both simulation and experimentation over large varieties of traffic characteristics. The reliability and capacity of this technique have shown promising results. We also investigated a practical mechanism for distorting and potentially preventing similar novel channels.Index Terms-covert channels, data-hiding, packet reordering, packet sequence, protocol-based steganography.

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“…Moreover, also the video flow quality would be extremely bad due to the high jitter [4]. It should also be noted that this kind of load distributing among the links will also cause extensive reordering which might tremendously decrease the TCP performance [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards QoS-aware load distribution in heterogeneous networks

Niephaus

Kretschmer

Ghinea

2013

2013 IEEE 11th Malaysia International Conference on Communications (MICC)

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Abstract-Enabling broadband internet connectivity of 30 mbps and more is an ambiguous goal of the European Digital Agenda, particularly in rural and remote regions. Not relying on a single access technology but using multiple simultaneously is believed to be a promising option to meet this objective. However, simply using the available connections in parallel and distributing traffic arbitrarily among them despite their different characteristics might still lead to an unacceptable service quality due to the heterogeneity. Instead, methods that are sophisticated are required, which on one hand takes the Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements of the various applications into account and on the other hand is aware of the different network characteristics. In this work, we discuss the main challenges which occur when utilizing multiple access technologies in parallel and we propose an architecture addressing those issues. Moreover, we present some preliminary validation results, which show the benefit of our approach.

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Keeping Order: Determining the Effect of TCP Packet Reordering

Cited by 12 publications

References 9 publications

Analysing Interface Bonding in 5G WLANs

Analysing Interface Bonding in 5G WLANs

A Novel Class of Robust Covert Channels Using Out-of-Order Packets

Towards QoS-aware load distribution in heterogeneous networks

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