Keeping mycotoxins away from the food: Does the existence of regulations have any impact in Africa?

Matumba, Limbikani; Poucke, Christof Van; Ediage, Emmanuel Njumbe; Saeger, Sarah De

doi:10.1080/10408398.2014.993021

Cited by 66 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…Fumonisin dietary exposure is linked to esophageal cancer (Rheeder et al 1992;Sun et al 2007). Unfortunately, the current national efforts are solely focused on aflatoxins, a situation that is similar in most African countries (Matumba et al 2015a). Most mycotoxins are known to be generally thermally stable and are therefore not destroyed during most normal cooking processes (Bullerman and Bianchini 2007;Raters and Matissek 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, attitude, and practices concerning presence of molds in foods among members of the general public in Malawi

et al. 2015

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This study assessed knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of the public in Malawi on issues related to molds in foodstuffs. A survey involving structured questionnaire was conducted with 805 respondents from seven districts of Malawi. Descriptive statistics, t tests, and analyses of variance were calculated. A majority of respondents recognized that molds were dangerous to human health (88%); however, about 50% of respondents were not informed that mold toxins are thermally stable and that they are not destroyable by normal cooking processes. About 33% of the respondents asserted that they buy moldy maize, while approximately 20% of respondents reported that they consume moldy fruits having discarded moldy fraction. There were significant differences in knowledge scores among different demographic groups. Females had significantly (p < 0.05) lower knowledge scores on issues related to molds in foods. Additionally, the respondent's location had a significant effect. However, respondent's education had subtle effect on knowledge score and the overall population's knowledge score was generally low (3.55 ± 1.32 score out of 9). Results of the study underline the need to raise public's knowledge about health risks associated with spoilage molds in food and prevention and management options.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, attitude, and practices concerning presence of molds in foods among members of the general public in Malawi

et al. 2015

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“…(Sobolev et al., ). In an overall assessment, proper management of agricultural practices and the harvested crop are important aspects to minimize AF contamination (suggested readings Kumar et al., ; Matumba et al., ; Sobolev et al., ; Udomkun et al., ).…”

Section: Risks Associated With Peanut Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.): A Prospective Legume Crop to Offer Multiple Health Benefits Under Changing Climate

Akram

Shafiq

Ashraf

2018

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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Peanut is a multipurpose oil-seed legume, which offer benefits in many ways. Apart from the peanut plant's beneficial effects on soil quality, peanut seeds are nutritious and medicinally and economically important. In this review, insights into peanut origin and its domestication are provided. Peanut is rich in bioactive components, including phenolics, flavonoids, polyphenols, and resveratrol. In addition, the involvement of peanut in biological nitrogen fixation is highly significant. Recent reports regarding peanut responses and N 2 fixation ability in response to abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, heat stress, and iron deficiency on calcareous soils, have been incorporated. As a biotechnological note, recent advances in the development of transgenic peanut plants are also highlighted. In this context, regulation of transcriptional factors and gene transfer for the development of stress-tolerant peanut genotypes are of prime importance. Above all, this review signifies the importance of peanut cultivation and human consumption in view of the scenario of changing world climate in order to maintain food security.

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“…Individual countries can adopt the Codex standards, which are mainly enforced for international trade, or set their own standards for maximum regulatory levels (Clarke and Fattori 2013). While these regulations help to safeguard consumers in industrialized countries, they have limited impact in most African countries due to lack of analytical facilities and of skilled personnel, both important prerequisites for regulation enforcement (Matumba et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxin B1 levels in groundnut products from local markets in Zambia

Njoroge¹,

Matumba

Kanenga

et al. 2017

Mycotoxin Res

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In Zambia, groundnut products (milled groundnut powder, groundnut kernels) are mostly sold in under-regulated markets. Coupled with the lack of quality enforcement in such markets, consumers may be at risk to aflatoxin exposure. However, the level of aflatoxin contamination in these products is not known. Compared to groundnut kernels, milled groundnut powder obscures visual indicators of aflatoxin contamination in groundnuts such as moldiness, discoloration, insect damage or kernel damage. A survey was therefore conducted from 2012 to 2014, to estimate and compare aflatoxin levels in these products (n = 202), purchased from markets in important groundnut growing districts and in urban areas. Samples of whole groundnut kernels (n = 163) and milled groundnut powder (n = 39) were analysed for aflatoxin B (AFB) by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). Results showed substantial AFB contamination levels in both types of groundnut products with maximum AFB levels of 11,100 μg/kg (groundnut kernels) and 3000 μg/kg (milled groundnut powder). However, paired t test analysis showed that AFB contamination levels in milled groundnut powder were not always significantly higher (P > 0.05) than those in groundnut kernels. Even for products from the same vendor, AFB levels were not consistently higher in milled groundnut powder than in whole groundnut kernels. This suggests that vendors do not systematically sort out whole groundnut kernels of visually poor quality for milling. However, the overall contamination levels of groundnut products with AFB were found to be alarmingly high in all years and locations. Therefore, solutions are needed to reduce aflatoxin levels in such under-regulated markets.

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Keeping mycotoxins away from the food: Does the existence of regulations have any impact in Africa?

Cited by 66 publications

References 101 publications

Knowledge, attitude, and practices concerning presence of molds in foods among members of the general public in Malawi

Knowledge, attitude, and practices concerning presence of molds in foods among members of the general public in Malawi

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.): A Prospective Legume Crop to Offer Multiple Health Benefits Under Changing Climate

Aflatoxin B1 levels in groundnut products from local markets in Zambia

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