Keeping air pollution policies on track

Fuller, Gary W.; Font, Anna

doi:10.1126/science.aaw9865

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Our findings also have implications for other developing countries that face heavy PM 2.5 pollution. In the past 25 years, DAPP in developing countries such as India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Indonesia have also shown an increasing trend 8,[45][46][47][48] . Similar efforts should be taken to improve air quality in these countries to reduce DAPP associated with future economic and industrial development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Third, our estimation of the health benefit of APPCAP is based on an underlying counterfactual assumption-without the APP-CAP, the PM 2.5 concentration will remain at 2013 levels. The actual situation may be somewhat different, depending on the complex interactions among economic, trade, and weather factors and even individual behavior 33,45,[53][54][55] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stronger policy required to substantially reduce deaths from PM2.5 pollution in China

et al. 2020

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Air pollution kills nearly 1 million people per year in China. In response, the Chinese government implemented the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan (APPCAP) from 2013 to 2017 which had a significant impact on reducing PM 2.5 concentration. However, the health benefits of the APPCAP are not well understood. Here we examine the spatiotemporal dynamics of annual deaths attributable to PM 2.5 pollution (DAPP) in China and the contribution from the APPCAP using decomposition analysis. Despite a 36.1% increase in DAPP from 2000 to 2017, The APPCAP-induced improvement in air quality achieved substantial health benefits, with the DAPP in 2017 reduced by 64 thousand (6.8%) compared to 2013. However, the policy is unlikely to result in further major reductions in DAPP and more ambitious policies are required to reduce the health impacts of air pollution by 2030 and meet the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goal 3.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stronger policy required to substantially reduce deaths from PM2.5 pollution in China

et al. 2020

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“…This then often leads to pollution just below the threshold in many regions. However, in many cases it may be more reasonable to reduce the overall exposure to pollutants [24]. Weather is responsible for many fast variations of the air pollution [24].…”

Section: Thresholds and Policiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superstatistical approach to air pollution statistics

Williams

Schäfer

Beck

2020

Phys. Rev. Research

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Air pollution by Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) is a major concern in large cities as it has severe adverse health effects. However, the statistical properties of air pollutants are not fully understood. Here, we use methods borrowed from nonequilibrium statistical mechanics to construct suitable superstatistical models for air pollution statistics. In particular, we analyze time series of Nitritic Oxide (N O) and Nitrogen Dioxide (N O2) concentrations recorded at several locations throughout Greater London. We find that the probability distributions of concentrations have heavy tails and that the dynamics is well-described by χ 2 superstatistics for N O and inverse χ 2 superstatistics for N O2. Our results can be used to give precise risk estimates of high-pollution situations and pave the way to mitigation strategies. arXiv:1909.10433v1 [physics.data-an]

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“…18 In 2010 the annual health costs of air pollution in Europe were estimated to be $1.575 trillion. 27 The annual limit value for NO 2 is widely exceeded in Europe, 10,16 and progress in reducing ozone pollution has been poor in Europe and in many other locations in the world. 7,8,16,17 In many parts of the world, the most frequently exceeded air quality guidelines and regulations are those for ozone.…”

Section: Regulatory Standards and Health Guidelinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Professionals in industry have been very involved in developing new products that have resulted in significant improvements in air quality. 1,16,22,24,46…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen oxides and ozone in urban air: A review of 50 plus years of progress

Erickson

Newmark

Higgins

et al. 2020

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Nitrogen oxides and ozone impact air quality in many parts of the United States, Europe, China, and many other countries. The greatest air quality challenge in Los Angeles, some other areas of California, and some parts of China is to reduce ozone levels to meet regulations. Background ozone is a major factor which makes it more difficult to reduce urban concentrations in Los Angeles and some other locations. Air pollution from China affects the background ozone entering California. More than 50 years of history are reviewed with an emphasis on reducing concentrations of nitrogen oxides and ozone. During this time period, there has been significant progress in reducing levels of these pollutants in urban air in the United States and Europe; however, ozone concentrations in China have increased since 2013. Cost and benefit analysis has shown that benefits associated with the Clean Air Act of 1970 have greatly exceeded costs to improve air quality in the U.S. over the past 50 years. Further actions to consider to improve air quality include reducing combustion of coal and petroleum products and transitioning to renewable energy. Public education is recommended to inform citizens that the benefits of reducing emissions far exceed costs.

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Keeping air pollution policies on track

Abstract: Focusing on trends rather than compliance can lead to more effective policies

Cited by 24 publications

References 9 publications

Stronger policy required to substantially reduce deaths from PM2.5 pollution in China

Stronger policy required to substantially reduce deaths from PM2.5 pollution in China

Superstatistical approach to air pollution statistics

Nitrogen oxides and ozone in urban air: A review of 50 plus years of progress

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