Kebijakan Formulasi Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi Terhadap Perbuatan Trading in Influence Sebagai Tindak Pidana Korupsi

Abstract

Salah satu jenis tindak pidana korupsi yang akhir-akhir ini diperbincangkan yaitu trading in influence. Terlebih pada saat ini tindak pidana trading in influence tidak dilakukan hanya oleh seseorang, melainkan suatu korporasi yang sudah terstruktur dan memiliki visi yang kuat. Mengingat trading in influence menjadi bagian dari tindak pidana korupsi, maka diperlukan kebijakan formulasi hukum pidana khususnya mengenai formulasi tindak pidana. Jenis korupsi ini yang sebenarnya sudah diatur dalam UNCAC, tetapi belum dirumuskan dalam ketentuan hukum positif Indonesia meskipun sudah diratifikasi. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, dalam penelitian ini merumuskan permasalahan yaitu: 1) Bagaimana kebijakan formulasi pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi terhadap perbuatan trading in influence dalam hukum positif di Indonesia saat ini? dan 2) Bagaimana pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi terhadap perbuatan trading in influence sebagai tindak pidana korupsi yang akan datang? Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa saat ini formulasi hukum pidana trading in influence tidak terdapat dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana; Undang-undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 jo Undang-undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi. Sementara dalam konsep KUHP yang sedang dibahas saat ini telah merumuskan perbuatan trading in influence, sehingga dapat mengakomodir kekurangan dalam peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku saat ini.

Hospital criminal liability as a corporation of patient rejection in infected with covid-19

“…The argument mentioned above is in line with the development of criminal law in other countries such as the Netherlands and France, where both countries have implemented criminal liability towards corporations (Krismen, 2014;Septiawan, et al, 2019). Criminal provisions outside the Criminal Code continue to develop and have expanded the subject of perpetrators of crime, that is, not only limited to humans but also corporations (Sari & Jaya, 2020).…”

“…But in its development, the corporation was not only engaged in the economy, but now the scope is increasingly expanding, such as covering education, health, research, government, social, cultural, and even religious. Because the development and growth of a corporation can have a negative effect, the position of the Handri Kristanto, Nyoman Serikat Putra Jaya LJIH 28 (2) September-2020, 146-157 corporation begins to shift from the subject of ordinary law to the criminal law subject Sari & Jaya, 2020;Siahaan, 2018).…”

“…Corporate responsibility is based solely on the sound of the law apathetic to who caused the mistake (Sembiring & Pujiyono, 2020;Suhariyanto, 2017). This theory is another example of the corporate criminal liability theory adopted directly from civil law (Sari & Jaya, 2020). For example, the application of the strict liability-doctrine is a traffic violation where the motorized driver who does not stop when the red light is on, will be ticketed by the police officer and sent to a court hearing.…”

“…Doctrine of Identification (direct corporate criminal liability). That to be able to criminally reckoning to a corporation must be able to identify who committed the crime and if the crime was committed by those who are operating the corporation, then the responsibility of the crime can be borne by the corporation (Bawole, 2013;Muladi, 2010;Sari & Jaya, 2020). The theory of identification acknowledges that the actions of particular corporation members, if related to the corporation, are considered as responsible actions done by the corporation itself; and 4.…”

“…When looking at legal subjects consisting of people (naturlijke persoon) and legal entities (recht persoon) as in the pedagogy of criminal law that bears rights and obligations, as well as looking at the various doctrines above (particularly the doctrine of strict liability) (Sari & Jaya, 2020;Yusyanti, 2019), although corporate hospitals are not direct crime makers, corporate criminal liability can occur. Moreover, provisions concerning the prohibition of hospitals rejecting patients contained in Law Number 36 of 2009 regarding Health.…”