Keberlanjutan Sistem Budi Daya Ternak Sapi Perah pada Peternakan Rakyat di Kabupaten Bogor

Abstract

Dairy farming system in Bogor Regency deals with threatening problems. This research aims to assess and to analyze sustainability of dairy farming system of smallholding farms in Bogor Regency. The respondents consisted of dairy farm area (Kunak) and smallholding farms in Cisarua District. Approach used in this study was a rapid appraisal for dairy farm system (Rap-Sibusape) using a multidimensional scaling (MDS) method. Results showed that smallholders in Cisarua and Kunak had index values of system dairy farms sustainability of 51.25 and 54.12, respectively. It indicated that the two areas are quite sustainable. Analysis five sustainable dimensions (ecology, economy, socio-culture, infrastructure technology, and institutional law) showed that ecology was sustainable on Kunak, and economy and socio-culture were not sustainable on both Kunak and dairy farm in Cisarua. Leverage analysis results showed that there were 15 out of 45 attributes influencing the sustainability index system. There were six key factors strongly influenced the system with low dependence among factors, i.e. (i) milk prices, (ii) feed carrying capacity, (iii) development cooperation, (iv) input subsidies, (v) micro finance, and (vi) socialization work. Improving dairy cattle farming in Bogor Regency requires sustainability index value enhancement of 15 sensitive attributes focused on 6 key factors affecting the dairy cattle farming system. Key words: sustainability, dairy cattle, dairy farming, Bogor Regency ABSTRAKPeternakan sapi perah di Kabupaten Bogor menghadapi permasalahan yang mengancam keberlanjutan sistem, seperti (i) keterbatasan pakan hijauan, (ii) penurunan jumlah peternak, (iii) rendahnya mutu susu, (iv) penyakit ternak, dan (v) terbatasnya sarana-prasarana agribisnis. Oleh karena itu, perlu dikaji status keberlanjutan sistem peternakan sapi perah di Kabupaten Bogor untuk memperoleh manfaat optimal dari kinerja sistem. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai dan menganalisis keberlanjutan sistem peternakan sapi perah rakyat di Kabupaten Bogor yang diwakili oleh Kawasan Usaha Ternak (Kunak) dan peternakan rakyat Cisarua dengan metode rapid appraisal sistem peternakan sapi perah (Rap-Sibusape) menggunakan pendekatan multidimensional scaling (MDS). Penilaian Rap-Sibusape menunjukkan Kunak dan peternakan rakyat Cisarua memiliki rataan nilai indeks keberlanjutan sebesar 51,25 dan 54,12 sehingga berkategori cukup berkelanjutan. Analisis lima dimensi keberlanjutan (ekologi, ekonomi, sosial-budaya, teknologi-infrastruktur, dan hukumkelembagaan) menunjukkan dimensi ekologi tidak berkelanjutan pada Kunak, dimensi ekonomi dan sosialbudaya tidak berkelanjutan pada Kunak dan peternakan rakyat Cisarua. Analisis leverage menunjukkan terdapat 15 atribut dari 45 atribut berpengaruh terhadap indeks keberlanjutan sistem peternakan sapi perah. Analisis prospektif menunjukkan terdapat 6 faktor kunci berpengaruh kuat terhadap sistem dengan tingkat ketergantungan antarfaktor yang rendah namun berpengaruh besar terhadap sistem. Enam faktor kunc...

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