KCl Single Crystals Growth with Mn, Ag and In Impurities by Czochralski Method and Study of Impurities Influence on Their Properties

Samavat, Feridoun; Ali, Ebrahim Haji; Solgi, S.; Ahmad, Parisa Taravati

doi:10.4236/ojpc.2012.23025

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The 2θ peaks observed for the calcined sample indicate a hexagonal wurtzite structure attributed to the peaks at 31.90°, 34.58°, 36.38°, 47.67°, 56.72°, 63.01°, 68.09°, 77.0°, and 78.15° can be identified as the (100), (002), ( 101), (110), ( 103), ( 200), (212), and (201) crystalline planes respectively. Moreover, the peak observed at 29.6° for the calcined ZnO sample is likely due to the presence of potassium chloride or potassium perchlorate crystals [12,13]. The effect of calcination is very obvious in the case of ZnO, where it changes from an amorphous nature to highly crystalline as the BET specific surface area, pore diameter and pore volume for uncalcined and calcined ZnO are also tabulated in table 1.…”

Section: Characterization Of Synthesized Zinc Oxide Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of zinc oxide derived from wastewater of glove manufacturing via adsorption-desorption-precipitation path

Pang

Gulnaziya²,

Pang³

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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The demand for ZnO significantly increased over the past decades. Extraction and refinement of zinc ores results in the release of hazardous wastes to the environment. In particular, the tremendous demand for disposable nitrile gloves during the Covid-19 pandemic has spiked superior demand for ZnO used as a crosslinking agent in the manufacturing process and leads to the generation of zinc containing wastewater traditionally removed via chemical precipitation. This paper focuses on the application of adsorption for zinc removal which opens an opportunity to recycle zinc to synthesize secondary zinc oxide. This study evaluated the feasibility of zinc oxide synthesis via the adsorption-desorption-chemical precipitation pathway. Palm shell activated carbon (PSAC), a low-cost adsorbent, was used for the removal of zinc from the synthetic and industrial wastewaters. Subsequently, zinc desorption was carried out using 0.3 M HCl. Then ZnO was synthesized from the desorption solutions via chemical precipitation using potassium hydroxide. Average zinc conversion rate of 98 % was achieved in this study. The synthesized ZnO exhibited high surface area of 97.4 m2/g after calcination (400 °C, 3 hr), high purity and crystallinity. The results confirmed the feasibility of zinc ions recovery for recycling to produce secondary good quality zinc oxide.

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Section: Characterization Of Synthesized Zinc Oxide Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of zinc oxide derived from wastewater of glove manufacturing via adsorption-desorption-precipitation path

Pang

Gulnaziya²,

Pang³

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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“…Potassium chloride (KCl) is an inorganic salt with properties similar to those of common salt (NaCl). KCl is employed in optical windows for laser applications [8], and as a scintillator or in dosimetry by adding impurities [9][10][11]. At the end of the 1960s, several experimental and theoretical studies on the optical properties of KCl and other AH crystals were presented [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cu-Doped KCl Unfolded Band Structure and Optical Properties Studied by DFT Calculations

Castillo-Quevedo¹,

Cabellos²,

Aceves³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The unfolded band structure and optical properties of Cu-doped KCl crystals were computed by first principles within the framework of density functional theory, implemented in the ABINIT electronic structure package utilizing pseudopotential approximation and a plane-wave basis set. From a theoretical point of view, Cu substitution into pristine KCl crystals requires calculation by the supercell (SC) method. This procedure shrinks the Brillouin zone, resulting in a folded band structure that is difficult to interpret. To solve this problem and gain insight into the effect of copper ions (Cu+) on electronic properties, the band structure of SC KCl:Cu was unfolded to make a direct comparison with the band structure of the primitive cell (PC) of pristine KCl. To understand the effect of Cu substitution on optical absorption, we calculated the imaginary part of the dielectric function of KCl:Cu through a sum-over-states formalism and broke it down into different band contributions by partially making an iterated cumulative sum (ICS) of selected valence and conduction bands. Consequently, we identified those interband transitions that give rise to the absorption peaks due to the Cu+ ion. These transitions involve valence and conduction bands formed by the Cu-3d and Cu-4s electronic states

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“…KAP exhibits orthorhombic lattice structure with four molecules per unit cell and the unit cell parameters are a = 6.320 Å, b = 12.343 Å, c = 5.784 Å. On the other hand, in production of optical windows, single crystal of KCl with wide band gap (~8 eV) is widely used [1]. Moreover, there is application for optical components in wide spectrum band from the ultraviolet to the infrared, because of its transparency over the entire range of wavelengths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Metastable Zone Width, Nucleation Kinetics, Structural and Optical Properties of KCl Doped KAP Crystal

Rahman¹,

Rahman²

2015

JCPT

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Slow evaporation method was used to grow pure and KCl (10 mol%) doped KAP single crystal. The solubility and metastable zone width of aqueous solutions of pure and KCl (10 mol%) doped KAP crystal were evaluated to analyze the crystallization process. Measuring the induction period τ, the critical nucleation parameters like interfacial energy (σ), energy of formation of the critical nucleus (∆G*) were determined using the classical theory of nucleation. The structural properties and optical constants of the grown crystals have been put to test and observed that the addition of KCl results in an enhancement of properties of the crystal. Grown crystals were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of KCl in pure KAP crystal. UV-Visible spectroscopic studies revealed that addition of KCl in pure KAP crystal increased transparency from 75% to 80%. The analysis of the optical absorption data revealed the presence of both indirect and direct transitions and both of these band gaps increased with the addition of KCl. The transmittance data was analyzed to calculate the refractive index, oscillator energy, dispersion energy, electric susceptibility, zero-frequency dielectric constant and both the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric permittivity as a function of photon energy. The moments of ε(E) were also determined. The dispersion i.e. spectral dependence of the refractive index was discussed according to the single-effective oscillator model proposed by Wemple and DiDomenico.

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KCl Single Crystals Growth with Mn, Ag and In Impurities by Czochralski Method and Study of Impurities Influence on Their Properties

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

Synthesis of zinc oxide derived from wastewater of glove manufacturing via adsorption-desorption-precipitation path

Synthesis of zinc oxide derived from wastewater of glove manufacturing via adsorption-desorption-precipitation path

Cu-Doped KCl Unfolded Band Structure and Optical Properties Studied by DFT Calculations

Determination of the Metastable Zone Width, Nucleation Kinetics, Structural and Optical Properties of KCl Doped KAP Crystal

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