“…Of particular note are indices in the studies of Liesner (1958), Balassa (1965 and, Kunimoto (1977), Donges & Riedel(1977), Bowen(1983), Balassa & Noland(1989) and Vollrath(1991) utilized to measure international competitive power. Indices that were most widely applied in studies measuring competitiveness in different sectors in Turkey were Ballassa and Vollrath (Çakmak, 2005, Tosun & Demirbaş, 2008Fidan 2009Fidan , Çoban et al, 2010Filiztekin & Karaata, 2010;Gülmez, 2012;Öztürk et al, 2013;Tunalioglu et al, 2013;Arısoy 2014;Erkekoğlu, 2014;Yurttançıkmaz et al, 2014). It has also been noted that the Balassa Index is the most applicable method for the analyses of standard and non-durable consumer goods (Saraçoğlu, 2015).…”