Kayıp Kent Germanicia: Lokalizasyon Problemleri Üzerine Yeni Gözlemler

Dumankaya, Oktay

doi:10.14222/turkiyat4245

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…It was understood that it belonged to another structure with mud-tempered rubble stone walls, different from the Early Byzantine Period structure that we dated to the 5-6 th century. The ceramic pieces found during the excavations and dated to the 11 th -13 th centuries indicate that this structure was reused in the Middle Byzantine Period (Dumankaya, 2019;Akyol et al, 2021;Ok and Dumankaya, 2022;Dumankaya, Akdağ, and Yıldırım, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…It was revealed that the spread of archaeological remains is more than 150 hectares, during the research and excavations carried out by the Kahramanmaraş Museum (under the scientific consultancy of Assoc. Prof. Dr. Oktay DUMANKAYA) in the region, Although the concentration of Roman Period cultural remains in the research and excavations was remarkable, the discovery of Byzantine, Seljuk and Ottoman Period ceramic pieces indicates an uninterrupted settlement in the research area for centuries (Dumankaya, 2018a;Dumankaya, 2018b;Dumankaya, 2019;Akyol, Ok, and Dumankaya, 2021;Ok and Dumankaya, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Caesarea Germanicia (?) of Archeogeophysical Investigations

Dumankaya

Bektaș

Koşaroğlu

et al. 2022

Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi

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The remains unearthed in the Dulkadiroğlu district, one of the central districts of Kahramanmaraş, are thought to belong to Caesarea Germanicia, which was founded in the Roman Period. Research and excavations carried out by the Kahramanmaraş Museum and us in the region have revealed that the spread of archaeological cultural remains is more than 150 hectares. Although the concentration of Roman Period cultural remains in the research and excavations was remarkable, the discovery of Byzantine, Seljuk, and Ottoman Period ceramic pieces indicates an uninterrupted settlement in the research area for centuries. However, as can be seen in the images, the dense residential texture in the region is one of the biggest obstacles to archaeological research and excavations. Because, in order to carry out archaeological excavations of the identified structures, expropriations are required. However, the expropriation period covers an average of 2-4 years, which makes it difficult to conduct scientific research. Archeogeophysical methods provide information about the location, depth, and dimensions of the archaeological remains by applying them from the surface, without causing any damage to the archaeological remains sought. In this context, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) measurements were carried out to determine the quality of the mosaic-based structure on 445 layout, which were previously unearthed through illegal excavations in 2019, and the parcels on which it extends. GPR was carried out along 6 profiles. The obtained results were compared both with each other and with the existing surface conditions, and GPR depth maps were created. When the GPR depth sections were examined, 4 important reflections were found. It has been interpreted that 3 of these reflections belong to the archaeological building remains and 1 of them originates from a metal material (pipe). It was determined that the depth of the archaeological remains identified in the GPR sections started at a depth of approximately 20 cm. As a result of the excavation, it was seen that the reflections determined in the GPR sections belonged to the wall remains and metal pipe. As a result of archaeological excavations, it was determined that the GPR reflections belong to the remains of the walls of the Villa Rustica of the Early Byzantine Period or a Roman bath, as well as a metal pipe. In the measurements of the ground radar, it was determined that other walls cut the building walls in parallel. As a result of archaeological excavations, it was understood that these walls were made of rubble stone with mud additives. It was discovered during archaeological excavations and was discovered in the 11th-13th centuries AD. One of the ceramic fragments indicates that this structure was used again in the Middle Byzantine Period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Caesarea Germanicia (?) of Archeogeophysical Investigations

Dumankaya

Bektaș

Koşaroğlu

et al. 2022

Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi

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“…In illicit excavations conducted in the Dulkadiro glu district in the early 2000s, remnants of Roman Period buildings were uncovered. Subsequent archaeological investigations led by the authors have revealed that these remnants are dispersed across an area of approximately 150 ha (Dumankaya, 2017) (Figure 1a,c). Given the extensive spatial distribution of these building remnants, it is posited that they likely belong to Germanicia, a significant urban center of the Roman Period.…”

Section: Archaeological and Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite its importance, no definitive source providing detailed information about its localization has been identified. Consequently, assessments regarding the city location are based on data from research and excavations (Dumankaya, 2017(Dumankaya, , 2018a(Dumankaya, , 2018b(Dumankaya, , 2018c. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct comprehensive studies on all findings obtained from research and excavations.…”

Section: Archaeological and Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeometric investigations of the Late Roman Period red slip ware from Caesarea Germanicia (Kahramanmaraş, Southeastern Anatolia)

Semiz,

Ok,

Dumankaya

2024

Archaeometry

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In the present study, red slip wares excavated from the ancient city of Germanicia (modern Kahramanmaraş, Southeastern Anatolia) were subjected to an archaeometric analysis. A multi‐analytical approach was employed, including stereomicroscopy, optical microscopy, XRPD, SEM‐EDS, and XRF to explore the mineralogical and chemical compositions of the samples. Based on both archaeological and archaeometric criteria, the samples were classified into three main categories: African, Phocaean, and Sagalassos red slip wares. The African red slip wares were characterized by an abundance of coarse quartz inclusion, accompanied by lesser quantities of plagioclase and mica. The Phocaean red slip wares primarily consisted of quartz, feldspar, and mica. In contrast, the Sagalassos red slip wares featured a groundmass rich in quartz, mica/biotite, hematite, and opaque minerals. Thermoanalytical data indicated that all samples were fired at temperatures between 800 and 900°C. The results suggest that red slip wares found at Germanicia were not manufactured using local available clay sources but rather originated from different regions. This evidence further provides that Germanicia was actively involved in trade networks and interacted with various ancient urban centers, such as Africa, Phocaean, and Sagalassos, during the Late Roman Period, between the fourth and fifth centuries AD.

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“…228 Kahramanmaraş'ı etkileyen depremler hakkında bk. Dumankaya, 2019: 418. 229 Adak Adıbelli, 2006 Kelenderis'te DSB seramiklerinin az sayıda olması, Afrika Kırmız Astarlılarının erken örneklerinin ise hiç ele geçmemiş olması korsan baskınları nedeniyle MÖ 1. ve MS 2. yüzyıllarda ticareti olumsuz etkisinden bahsedilmektedir, bk.…”

Section: Değerlendirme Ve Sonuçunclassified