Abstract:Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute self-limiting inflammatory disease associated with vasculities, affecting predominantly medium sized vessels and encountered these cases infrequently in clinical practice. The most concerning complication is coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) leading to myocardial infarction or sudden death. Fever is the essential feature. Kawasaki disease is invariably associated with an inflammatory process with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and white bl… Show more
“…33 Kawasaki disease is the commonest cause of myocardial infarction in children. 34 In two of our cases with Z score >5 and diameter more than 8 mm associated with high cardiac troponin were treated with heparin infusion for 48 hours.…”
Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is the leading cause of childhood acquired heart disease. Cardiovascular manifestations can be prominent in the acute phase of the illness. Echocardiography is useful in recognizing these cardiac manifestations. We carried out a retrospective study by analyzing the data of Kawasaki disease patients in a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: The prevalence of coronary artery dilatation and clinical outcome were documented. Clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic findings were obtained at baseline and 1 week, 6 weeks after initial therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin in addition to high doses of Aspirin which reduces the risk of coronary artery aneurysm.
Results: One hundred and forty-nine patients with mean age 3± 2 years old, 60% males with Kawasaki disease were included. One hundred and thirty-two patients had coronary involvement (left main coronary artery 36.37 %, left anterior descending artery 28.03%, right main coronary artery 24.25%, circumflex branch in 11.37%). Administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and aspirin has greatly reduced the incidence of coronary lesions in affected children. The initial cardiac findings developed over first few weeks of illness resolved in most of the cases in the subsequent echocardiogram studies after IVIG. The mean duration to normalization of abnormal echocardiography findings is 6±3 months.
Conclusion: Coronary artery involvement is seen in most of children with Kawasaki disease. Intravenous gamma globulin and aspirin has been reported to reduce the likelihood of development of giant coronary artery aneurysms and appears to have a direct beneficial effect on abnormalities in cardiac function associated with the acute phase of Kawasaki disease.
Cardiovasc j 2023; 15(2): 144-150
“…33 Kawasaki disease is the commonest cause of myocardial infarction in children. 34 In two of our cases with Z score >5 and diameter more than 8 mm associated with high cardiac troponin were treated with heparin infusion for 48 hours.…”
Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is the leading cause of childhood acquired heart disease. Cardiovascular manifestations can be prominent in the acute phase of the illness. Echocardiography is useful in recognizing these cardiac manifestations. We carried out a retrospective study by analyzing the data of Kawasaki disease patients in a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: The prevalence of coronary artery dilatation and clinical outcome were documented. Clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic findings were obtained at baseline and 1 week, 6 weeks after initial therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin in addition to high doses of Aspirin which reduces the risk of coronary artery aneurysm.
Results: One hundred and forty-nine patients with mean age 3± 2 years old, 60% males with Kawasaki disease were included. One hundred and thirty-two patients had coronary involvement (left main coronary artery 36.37 %, left anterior descending artery 28.03%, right main coronary artery 24.25%, circumflex branch in 11.37%). Administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and aspirin has greatly reduced the incidence of coronary lesions in affected children. The initial cardiac findings developed over first few weeks of illness resolved in most of the cases in the subsequent echocardiogram studies after IVIG. The mean duration to normalization of abnormal echocardiography findings is 6±3 months.
Conclusion: Coronary artery involvement is seen in most of children with Kawasaki disease. Intravenous gamma globulin and aspirin has been reported to reduce the likelihood of development of giant coronary artery aneurysms and appears to have a direct beneficial effect on abnormalities in cardiac function associated with the acute phase of Kawasaki disease.
Cardiovasc j 2023; 15(2): 144-150
“…The duration of the febrile episodes in children who are left untreated, ranges from 5 to 25 days, with an average duration of approximately 10 days. 9 Bilateral conjunctival injection mainly affects the bulbar conjunctivae, without suppuration, and usually starts soon after fever appears. Bright red, swollen lips with vertical cracking with bleeding were the most recognizable alterations.…”
Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute difficult-to-diagnose febrile illness in children caused by self limiting vasculitis in medium and small sized arteries.
Objetive: This study has been conducted to analyze its presenting symptoms, clinical course, laboratory findings, and therapeutic options in a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh to aid early diagnosis and optimum management.
Methods: This is a retrospective study where the medical records of 31 children admitted and diagnosed with Kawasaki Disease (KD) in Evercare Hospital Dhaka between 2009 and 2020, were assessed. Through a structured form, the demographic information, clinical profile, laboratory results, and echocardiographic data were obtained from the hospital records and then entered into a Microsoft Excel sheet. Cleaned and verified data were transferred to SPSS program version 23 and analyzed to obtain descriptive statistics.
Results: Out of total 31 patients with KD enrolled, 64.5% of the patients were between six months to five years of age with a median age of three years; 97% had an age below 6 months. Though 68% of patients met all the required criteria for KD, one-third (32%) were diagnosed as incomplete KD with fewer manifestations. Along with high fever in all cases, the most common clinical features were polymorphous rash (90%) and changes in extremities (90%) followed by changes in the lips and oral cavity (77.4%), cervical lymphadenopathy (68%) and conjunctival injection (61%). Common laboratory abnormalities found were anemia (90%), leukocytosis (65%), thrombocytosis especially in the second week (78%), high ESR (100%), and elevated CRP (84%). About 42% of patients had cardiac abnormalities at the onset. Seven children (63.6%) had coronary artery aneurysms (CAA) whereas 18% had coronary dilatations. In subsequent followups, coronary artery changes remained almost the same up to 6-8 weeks. After 3-6 months, 87.5 % of children recovered from cardiac abnormality.
Conclusion: A high index of suspicion for KD and an active search for compatible findings in children with unexplained fever can help in early diagnosis. Timely initiation of IVIG treatment is needed to reduce the risk of cardiac complications. Young infants under six months of age need further careful early suspicion and evaluation because of their incomplete presentation and more vulnerability to developing cardiac complications.
DS (Child) H J 2022; 38(2): 70-78
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