Kawasaki Disease at 50 Years

Cohen, Ezra; Sundel, Robert P.

doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.1446

Cited by 45 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(98 reference statements)

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“…Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute idiopathic systemic vasculitis characterized by fever, bilateral non-exudative conjunctivitis, mucositis, cervical lymphadenopathy, polymorphous eruption, and changes in the extremities [ 1 , 2 ]. Most patients with KD are younger than 5 years old, although the disease can also occur in adolescents [ 2 ]. KD is the leading cause of pediatric-acquired heart disease in North America, Europe, and Japan [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most patients with KD are younger than 5 years old, although the disease can also occur in adolescents [ 2 ]. KD is the leading cause of pediatric-acquired heart disease in North America, Europe, and Japan [ 2 , 3 ]. It results in coronary artery aneurysms in 20–25% of untreated cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fifty years have passed since Tomisaku Kawasaki first reported an acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome in 1967 [ 4 ]. Many etiologies of KD have been proposed, but the agent that triggers the inflammatory response remains unidentified [ 2 ]. Environmental factors have been proposed as triggering KD [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Latitude on the Prevalence of Kawasaki Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database and Review of the Literature

Chang

Wong

Yang

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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Background: Countries at higher latitudes have higher incidence rates of Kawasaki disease (KD) than do countries at lower latitudes in the Asian and West Pacific area. However, the precise influence of latitude on KD incidence rates requires further clarification. Methods: We searched the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005 to retrieve patients’ medical records from 1996 to 2009. The patients with KD were categorized as living in northern, middle, and southern Taiwan; the period prevalence of KD for each area was determined. Climate variables, including temperature, sunshine duration, precipitation, and relative humidity, were collected from the Taiwan Central Weather Bureau. The effect of latitude on the period KD prevalence and the correlation between climate variables and KD prevalence were calculated. Results: After patients without complete data excluded, a total of 61,830 children up to 10 years old were retrieved, from which 404 patients with KD were recognized. The period prevalence of KD increased significantly with latitude (p = 0.0004). Climate variables associated with high temperature demonstrated a connection with KD prevalence; however, this correlation was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that higher latitude is associated with a higher KD prevalence in Taiwan.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Latitude on the Prevalence of Kawasaki Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database and Review of the Literature

Chang

Wong

Yang

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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“…KD is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children, given its coronary artery complications [9,10], and there is still no effective therapy to prevent or treat the occurrence of coronary artery damage due to the limited information. It has been shown that coronary artery endothelial dysfunction plays an important role in the development of coronary artery damage under KD condition [11,6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression profile analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells Induced by Serum from Kawasaki Disease: A preliminary study

Fan

Xiao

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) leads to coronary artery damage and the etiology of KD is unknown. The present study was designed to explore the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in KD serum-induced human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) by RNA-sequence (RNA-seq). Methods: HCAECs were stimulated with serum (15% (v/v)), which were collected from 20 healthy children and 20 KD patients, for 24 hours. DEGs were then detected and analyzed by RNA-seq and bioinformatics analysis. Results: The expression of SMAD1, SMAD6, CD34, CXCL1, PITX2, and APLN was validated by qPCR. 102 genes, 59 up-regulated and 43 down-regulated genes, were significantly differentially expressed in KD groups. GO enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were enriched in cellular response to cytokines, cytokine-mediated signaling pathway, and regulation of immune cells migration and chemotaxis. KEGG signaling pathway analysis showed that DEGs were mainly involved in cytokine−cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signaling pathway, and TGF−β signaling pathway. Besides, the mRNA expression levels of SMAD1, SMAD6, CD34, CXCL1, and APLN in the KD group were signiﬁcantly up-regulated compared with the normal group, whilePITX2 was significantly down-regulated. Conclusion: 102 DEGs in KD serum-induced HCAECs were identified, and six new targets were proposed as potential indicators of KD.

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“…Kawasaki disease (KD) is a hybrid condition at the junction of infectious diseases, immunology, rheumatology, and cardiology. 1 KD is a systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology predominately affecting medium-sized vessels such as the coronary arteries, which mainly affects infants and children 2 . The disease itself may be the characteristic manifestation of a common pathway of immune-mediated vascular inflammation in genetically susceptible hosts 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incomplete Kawasaki disease in Egypt

Agha¹,

Hamza²

2018

gcsp

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[first paragraph of article]Kawasaki disease (KD) is a hybrid condition at the junction of infectious diseases, immunology, rheumatology, and cardiology.1 KD is a systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology predominately affecting medium-sized vessels such as the coronary arteries, which mainly affects infants and children2. The disease itself may be the characteristic manifestation of a common pathway of immune-mediated vascular inflammation in genetically susceptible hosts3. Untreated KD may lead to the formation of coronary artery aneurysms and sudden cardiac death in children. The diagnosis of KD is based on the clinical features of fever of at least 5 days together with at least 4 or 5 other features including rash, bilateral conjunctival injection, changes in peripheral extremities, lymphadenopathy and oropharyngeal changes4. The diseases that must be differentiated from KD because of similar clinical findings include viral infections (measles, adenovirus, enterovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus), scarlet fever, staphylococcal scaled skin syndrome, toxic shock syndrome, polyarteritis nodosa, bacterial cervical lymphadenitis, and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis5,6. Because each of the symptoms commonly occurs in other childhood illnesses, the disease can be difficult to diagnose, especially in children who present with an incomplete form of the disease. KD has not been previously reported from Egypt and there are special challenges in recognizing complete KD in a country where physicians have limited experience with the disease. The diagnosis of incomplete KD is thus even more challenging in this setting.

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Kawasaki Disease at 50 Years

Cited by 45 publications

References 70 publications

Influence of Latitude on the Prevalence of Kawasaki Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database and Review of the Literature

Influence of Latitude on the Prevalence of Kawasaki Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database and Review of the Literature

Expression profile analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells Induced by Serum from Kawasaki Disease: A preliminary study

Incomplete Kawasaki disease in Egypt

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