Karyotypes of central European spiders of the genera Arctosa, Tricca, and Xerolycosa (Araneae: Lycosidae)

Dolejš, Petr; Kořínková, Tereza; Musilová, Jana; Opatová, Věra; Kubcová, Lenka; Buchar, Jan; Král, Jaroslav

doi:10.14411/eje.2011.001

Cited by 28 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The number and location of NORs were only established, for example, in approximately 30 species of Araneae (Král et al, 2006;Král, 2007;Oliveira et al, 2007;Rodríguez-Gil et al, 2007;Araujo et al, 2008;Stávale et al, 2010Stávale et al, , 2011Dolejš et al, 2011;Král et al, 2011), 17 species of Scorpiones (Schneider et al, 2009a,b;Schneider and Cella, 2010), 3 species of Opiliones (Gorlov and Tsurusaki, 2000;Oliveira et al, 2006;Schneider et al, 2008;Mattos et al, 2013), and two species of Palpigradi (Král et al, 2008). In almost all these species, the NORs were only identified through the use of silver impregnation; however, in an overview of the NOR distribution in Coleoptera, Schneider et al (2007) showed that the results were usually coincident when the chromosomes were examined with both silver impregnation and FISH technique.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosomal characteristics of a Brazilian whip spider (Amblypygi) and evolutionary relationships with other arachnid orders

Paula-Neto

Araujo²,

Carvalho³

et al. 2013

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. We analyzed mitotic and meiotic cells of a Brazilian amblypygid, Heterophrynus longicornis, using conventional and molecular cytogenetic techniques (Giemsa staining, C-banding, Ag-NOR, and FISH with rDNA probe). This is the first study that focuses solely on amblypygid chromosomes; it was undertaken to add data on cytogenetic knowledge of this group and contribute to the understanding of chromosome evolution in the Arachnida. We found 2n = 66 for male and female individuals, monocentric chromosomes, and absence of morphologically differentiated sex chromosomes. C-banding showed heterochromatin in the pericentromeric region of most chromosomes. Mitotic and meiotic nuclei submitted to Chromosomal characteristics of a Brazilian whip spider silver impregnation and FISH revealed, respectively, Ag-NORs and ribosomal genes in the terminal region of two chromosome pairs. Most chromosome features that we observed in H. longicornis are shared with species of other arachnid orders; however, the absence of morphologically differentiated sex chromosomes in amblypygid contrasts with the remarkable variety of sex chromosome systems recorded for the Araneae. Consequently, we conclude that analysis of species of the Tetrapulmonata clade is useful for understanding the trends of sex chromosome evolution in this arachnid group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosomal characteristics of a Brazilian whip spider (Amblypygi) and evolutionary relationships with other arachnid orders

Paula-Neto

Araujo²,

Carvalho³

et al. 2013

Genet. Mol. Res.

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“…The karyotype of P. morosa (Lycosidae) differs from the supposed ancestral set of lycosids (2n -= 28,X 1 X 2 0, all chromosomes acrocentric) [Dolejš et al, 2011] by the absence of 1 autosomal pair. Therefore, the karyotype of this spider probably originated from the ancestral set by the tandem fusion of 2 autosomal pairs.…”

Section: Comparison Of Entelegyne and Mygalomorph Karyotypesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Insights into the Meiotic Behavior and Evolution of Multiple Sex Chromosome Systems in Spiders

Král

Kořínková

Forman

et al. 2011

Cytogenet Genome Res

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A characteristic feature of spider karyotypes is the predominance of unusual multiple X chromosomes. To elucidate the evolution of spider sex chromosomes, their meiotic behavior was analyzed in 2 major clades of opisthothele spiders, namely, the entelegyne araneomorphs and the mygalomorphs. Our data support the predominance of X₁X₂0 systems in entelegynes, while rare X₁X₂X₃X₄0 systems were revealed in the tuberculote mygalomorphs. The spider species studied exhibited a considerable diversity of achiasmate sex chromosome pairing in male meiosis. The end-to-end pairing of sex chromosomes found in mygalomorphs was gradually replaced by the parallel attachment of sex chromosomes in entelegynes. The observed association of male X univalents with a centrosome at the first meiotic division may ensure the univalents’ segregation. Spider meiotic sex chromosomes also showed other unique traits, namely, association with a chromosome pair in males and inactivation in females. Analysis of these traits supports the hypothesis that the multiple X chromosomes of spiders originated by duplications. In contrast to the homogametic sex of other animals, the homologous sex chromosomes of spider females were already paired at premeiotic interphase and were inactivated until prophase I. Furthermore, the sex chromosome pairs exhibited an end-to-end association during these stages. We suggest that the specific behavior of the female sex chromosomes may have evolved to avoid the negative effects of duplicated X chromosomes on female meiosis. The chromosome ends that ensure the association of sex chromosome pairs during meiosis may contain information for discriminating between homologous and homeologous X chromosomes and thus act to promote homologous pairing. The meiotic behavior of 4 X chromosome pairs in mygalomorph females, namely, the formation of 2 associations, each composed of 2 pairs with similar structure, suggests that the mygalomorph X₁X₂X₃X₄0 system originated by the duplication of the X₁X₂0 system via nondisjunctions or polyploidization.

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“…Spider dissection, the production of preparations and their staining by Giemsa were performed according to Dolejš et al [2011], except for the hypotonisation time of the testes (12 min). Some preparations were left unstained for NOR detection.…”

Section: Chromosome Preparations and Their Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These data were obtained by silver staining and transmission electron microscopy. In entelegynes, the most common pattern is 2 autosomal pairs of NORs [Rodríguez-Gil et al, 2007;Dolejš et al, 2011], although some species exhibit at least 3 NOR pairs [Araújo et al, 2005;Stávale et al, 2010Stávale et al, , 2011. Remarkably, haplogyne araneomorphs often exhibit sex chromosome-linked NORs [Král et al, 2006;Oliveira et al, 2007].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of cytogenetics, this family belongs to the best studied groups of spiders. Most species have 28 acrocentric chromosomes, including 2 X chromosomes [Chemisquy et al, 2008], which is most likely ancestral in wolf spiders [Dolejš et al, 2011]. NOR data are available for 5 species; all of them exhibit 2 autosomal pairs bearing NORs [Wise, 1983;Dolejš et al, 2011].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Sex Chromosome Pairing and Extensive NOR Polymorphism in <b><i>Wadicosa fidelis</i></b> (Araneae: Lycosidae)

Forman

Nguyen

Hula

et al. 2013

Cytogenet Genome Res

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In terms of cytogenetics, entelegyne araneomorphs are the best studied clade of spiders. The typical karyotype of entelegyne males consists of acrocentric chromosomes, including 2 non-homologous X chromosomes. The present study is focused on the karyotype, nucleolus organising regions (NORs) and sex chromosome behaviour during meiosis of the entelegyne Wadicosa fidelis (Lycosidae). Preparations stained by Giemsa were used to study karyotype and meiosis. NORs were visualised by silver staining and fluorescence in situ hybridisation with 18S rDNA probe. The male karyotype consists of 28 acrocentric elements, including 2 X chromosomes. In contrast to the majority of other spiders, the male sex chromosomes pair during the major part of meiosis. Following an initial period of parallel pairing, the attachment of male sex chromosomes is restricted to centromeric areas and continues until metaphase II. Our study revealed an enormous number of NORs in the population from Galilee and indicates a considerable variability of NOR numbers in this population. The distal regions of 9 or 10 autosomal pairs contain NORs. The obtained data indicate the rapid spread of NORs in the karyotype of W. fidelis, which was presumably caused by ectopic recombinations and subsequent hybridisations of individuals with different NOR genotypes that produced heterozygotes.

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Karyotypes of central European spiders of the genera Arctosa, Tricca, and Xerolycosa (Araneae: Lycosidae)

Cited by 28 publications

References 26 publications

Chromosomal characteristics of a Brazilian whip spider (Amblypygi) and evolutionary relationships with other arachnid orders

Chromosomal characteristics of a Brazilian whip spider (Amblypygi) and evolutionary relationships with other arachnid orders

Insights into the Meiotic Behavior and Evolution of Multiple Sex Chromosome Systems in Spiders

Sex Chromosome Pairing and Extensive NOR Polymorphism in <b><i>Wadicosa fidelis</i></b> (Araneae: Lycosidae)

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