Karyotype with 210 chromosomes in guaraná (Paullinia cupana ‘Sorbilis’)

Abstract

The genus Paullinia includes the economically important P. cupana, known as guaraná in Brazil and more recently in the world market. Native Americans of the Maué and Andirá tribes cultivated P. cupana 'Sorbilis' in central Amazon, and the Barés cultivated the 'Typica' variety in the upper Negro River (Brazil). Cytological studies in the Sapindaceae family have concentrated on the diversity in number (from 2n = 14 to 96) and size of the chromosomes. In Paullinia, seven species have been karyotyped and all show 2n = 24. Meristem maceration, cellular dissociation and air-drying techniques were used for cytogenetic preparations and DNA content was determined by flow cytometry. Chromosome characterization and DNA content of Paullinia cupana Kunth 'Sorbilis' (Mart.) Ducke (Sapindaceae) were studied. The high chromosome number (2n = 210) fall into two cytomorphological groups: (a) a metacentric and submetacentric group showing 25 sets of three pairs of chromosomes (2-76); (b) a group containing only acrocentric showing 12 sets of two pairs of chromosomes (82-105), a homologous submetacentric pair (1) and an acrocentric pair (81). Mean nuclear DNA content of guaraná was 2C = 22.8 pg. A karyogram was set up showing a high chromosome number complement.

Karyotype and nuclear DNA content of Psychotria ipecacuanha: a medicinal species

“…We considered these methodologies to be fundamental, as they supply more adequate chromosomic preparations in comparison with those yielded by the squashing technique (Carvalho and Saraiva 1993), usually applied in cytogenetic studies of ipecac (Assis and Giulietti 1999, Rout et al 2000, and Souza et al 2006). In accordance with Ohmido et al (1998), Guzzo et al (2000), Bauchan et al (2001), Clarindo and Carvalho (2006), Clarindo et al (2007) and Freitas et al (2007), the digital image analysis tools also contributed for providing high quality images of metaphasic cells and for discriminating subtle measurement differences in chromosomes.…”

“…Identical results were obtained in Zea mays Saraiva 1993, 1997), Coffea canephora , Bixa orellana (Almeida et al 2006), Glycine max (Clarindo et al 2007) and Paullinia cupana (Freitas et al 2007). We considered these methodologies to be fundamental, as they supply more adequate chromosomic preparations in comparison with those yielded by the squashing technique (Carvalho and Saraiva 1993), usually applied in cytogenetic studies of ipecac (Assis and Giulietti 1999, Rout et al 2000, and Souza et al 2006).…”

Origin and Domestication of Native Amazonian Crops

“…The sorbilis variety of guaraná grown by the Sateré -Maué is a high level polyploid, with 210 chromosomes rather than the standard 24 for the genus; the numbers and morphology of the chromosomes suggest the combination of a tetraploid and an hexaploid [118], that may be from different genera [114]. In essence, this myth captures the guaraná domestication event, which occurred when the mythological woman recognized that a special type of guaraná had become available to her, as distinct from the more common and less useful false guaraná , and that it should be planted for the benefit of future generations.…”

Chromosome Studies of someThinouiaSpecies (Sapindaceae) and the Taxonomic Implications

“…2011), van der Ham andTomlik (1994), and Ferrucci and Anzótegui (1993). Chromosome data come from Ferrucci (2000a), de Freitas et al (2007, Urdampilleta et al (2013), and the Index to Plant Chromosome Numbers (1979-). We have adopted the terms 'anterior' and 'posterior', as opposed to traditional terminology, to refer to specific floral parts as done by Ferrucci and Somner (2010), and Urdampilleta (2011a, 2011b).…”