Karyotype Variation and Cytophotometric Estimation of In Situ DNA Content in Some Minor and Associate Mangroves of India.

Jena, Satya Narayan; Sahoo, Pragnya; Mohanty, S.; Das, Anath Bandhu; Das, P.

doi:10.1508/cytologia.67.15

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, in the eukaryotic system chromosome volume is determined not only by its DNA, but also by its basic and non-basic proteins. Such variations are similar to other findings in our earlier work on mangroves (Das et al 1996, Basak et al 1998, Das et al 2001, Jena et al 2002. The diversity of DNA amount has often been attributed to loss or addition of highly repetitive DNA sequences rather than the AT-or GC-reach sequences in a genome (Martel et al 1997) which after a certain level got stabilized during micro-evolution and gradual selection (Price et al 1980).…”

Section: Nuclear Dna Analysis Genome Size and Invsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Variation in Chromosome Number, Karyotype and Nuclear DNA Content of Five Species of Indian Typhonium Schott. (Araceae)-A Medicinally Important Plant

et al. 2006

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Summary Detailed karyotype analysis of somatic chromosomes in 5 species of Typhonium Schott. of the family Araceae was carried out for the first time. The chromosome number varied from 2nϭ16 in T. flagelliforme to 2nϭ52 in T. diversifollium. Chromosome number 2nϭ18 and 2nϭ26 in T. trilobatum and T. roxburghii respectively suggest formation of anueploids during speciation. The asymmetric karyotype revealed structural alterations with 2 distinct types of chromosomes (long and very short types) as evident in different species of Typhonium. Significant variations in chromosome size were observed among the studied species. TF% revealed sub-metacentric long chromosomes in T. flagelliforme (TF value, 33%) and metacentric short chromosomes in T. diversifolium (TF value, 41%). Average chromosome length varied from 2.03 mm in T. diversifolium, a high altitude species (5000-7000 ft), to 8.68 mm in T. flagelliforme, a low land species (70-250 ft). Significant variations were observed in Interphase Nuclear Volume (INV) which varied from 142.05 mm 3 in T. trilobatum to 335.02 mm 3 in T. flagelliforme; nuclear DNA content varied significantly from 0.199 pg in T. diversifolium to 0.833 pg in T. flagelliforme.Key words Chromosome number, Karyotype, Nuclear DNA, Typhonium.The genus Typhonium Schott. of the family Araceae comprises about 79 species distributed mostly in the south-east Asia and north-east Australia (Hay 1993). In India and Indo-Malesian region, the genus is represented by 16 species (Santapau and Henry 1973). While Typhonium divaricatum (Linn.) Decne occurs mainly in the Penninsular India, T. trilobatum (Linn.) Schott. and T. flagelliforme Decne are the commonly found species in Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Coromandel coast.In T. trilobatum, somatic chromosomes 2nϭ18 was reported (Sharma and Mukhopadhyay 1965) and 2nϭ26 (Simmonds 1954) were reported with distinctly different morphological characteristics among the ecotypes. Taxonomical grouping of some members of Araceae i.e. genus Sauromatum and Lazarum into Typhonium (Hay 1993) was of interest to us. However such groups based on chromosomal parameters, their karyotypes are not available. This paper deals with detailed investigations on chromosome number their karyotype, interphase nuclear volume (INV) and in situ nuclear DNA content in 5 Indian species of Typhonium may provide insight into chromosome behavior and genomic characteristics during the evolution and speciation in this genus. Materials and methods PlantsTubers of 5 species of Typhonium were collected from varied ecological conditions and main-

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Section: Nuclear Dna Analysis Genome Size and Invsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The number of secondary constricted chromosomes also varied from 2 to 10 (Table 1). Evidently, structural changes as well as changes in the amount of heterochromatin played a vital role in inducing differences at species level (Das et al 1996, Jena et al 2002.…”

Section: Cytological and Karyotype Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Chromosome Number, Karyotype and Nuclear DNA Content of Five Species of Indian Typhonium Schott. (Araceae)-A Medicinally Important Plant

et al. 2006

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“…Comparatively larger chromosomes with a maximum number of secondary constricted chromosomes suggest highly dynamic genome structure in A. ornatum. Evidently, structural changes as well as changes in the amount of heterochromatin may have played a vital part in inducing differences at species level (Das et al 1999a, b, Basak et al 1998, Jena et al 2002.…”

Section: Karyotype Genome Length and Nuclear Dna Amountmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic analysis of 'Star Cactus' (Astrophytum) Through Chromosome and RAPD Markers

Das

2008

CYTOLOGIA

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Summary Interspecific variation and molecular phylogenetic analysis among the four species of Astrophytum i.e. A. asterias, A. capricorne, A. myriostigma and A. ornatum of the family Cactaceae were studied using cytological and molecular markers. In all the four species, the somatic chromosomes found were 2nϭ22. Though they showed a high level of similarity in the number of chromosomes, karyotype analysis revealed species-specific chromosomal characteristics. capricorne. The amplification products in PCR generated RAPD analysis of the four species, revealed a total of 315 bands with fragment size ranging from 0.21 kb to 3.1 kb that showed high correlation of A. asterias with A. aterias and A. capricorne with A. ornatum that were also confirmed from the karyotype analysis. Analysis of the nuclear DNA content showed significant variation in the amount of 4C DNA between the three species. The correlation coefficients showed the various chromosomal and nuclear parameters were interdependent to some extent suggesting interspecific relationship between structural and molecular changes of the genome architecture during evolution of speciation.Key words Cactus, Astrophytum, Chromosome number, Karyotype, Nuclear DNA, RAPD analysis.Astrophytum, a small group of cacti from Texas and the Eastern part of Mexico with only four species, are two with spines and two without (Schuster 1990). They are with moderate sized spherical to slightly elongated succulent plant body most easily distinguished by the presence of white flakes on the body surface and their relatively few, sharply defined ribs. Their perfect symmetry along with their ornamental appearance is responsible for their popularity in every succulent collection. Astrophytums are lovingly called Bishop's cap or star cactus due to the prominent wings and ribs, which give a star like appearance. Their striking forms are further enhanced by the most beautiful flowers, borne singly or in masses in various shades of yellow, sometimes with a red center during the entire summer season. Interspecific variations were also prominent in number and structure of aerioles, flower colour and size.Propagation of these plants through seeds or cuttings has been carried out extensively in our centre to cope with the increased demand for the production of large number of plants of this horticultural important species of Astrophytum. But the production of these plants through seed germination is not suitable mainly due to the low percentage of germination and long germination time.

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“…Evidently, structural changes as well as changes in the amount of heterochromatin might have played a vital role in inducing differences at species level (Das et al 1999, Basak et al 1998, Jena et al 2002.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Karyotype Variability and Genome Size in 13 Species of <i>Cassia</i> L. in Interpreting Interspecific Genetic Diversity

Mohanty

Das

2006

CYTOLOGIA

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Summary Somatic chromosome number, karyotype and 4C DNA content was studied in 13 species of Cassia of the family Leguminosae obtained from Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Somatic chromosome number 2nϭ28 was observed in all the species except C. lindheimariana and C. versicolor with 2nϭ26 chromosomes. In addition, polyploid chromosomes were observed in C. atomaria and C. hirsuta (2nϭ56). Variations among the species were observed in their minute structural details of the karyotype. On the basis of centromeric index, 4 types (Type A, B, C and D) of chromosomes were found in different species. Significant variations in the chromosome length were observed among different species from 13.25 mm in C. wislizenii to 24.73 mm in C. polyantha. Total chromosome volume varied significantly from 6.93 mm 3 in C. hirsuta to 11.10 mm 3 in C. lindheimariana. Highest centromeric index percentage (43.69%) was noted in C. italica and that of lowest (34.12%) was found in C. polyantha. Significant variation in 4C nuclear DNA content was observed among the species that varied from 6.45 pg in C. italica to 15.77 pg in C. spectabilis. The correlation coefficients showed various chromosomal and nuclear parameters interdependent suggesting a interspecific relationship between structural and genetic changes of the genome architecture during evolution of speciation.

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Karyotype Variation and Cytophotometric Estimation of In Situ DNA Content in Some Minor and Associate Mangroves of India.

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Variation in Chromosome Number, Karyotype and Nuclear DNA Content of Five Species of Indian Typhonium Schott. (Araceae)-A Medicinally Important Plant

Variation in Chromosome Number, Karyotype and Nuclear DNA Content of Five Species of Indian Typhonium Schott. (Araceae)-A Medicinally Important Plant

Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic analysis of 'Star Cactus' (Astrophytum) Through Chromosome and RAPD Markers

Study of Karyotype Variability and Genome Size in 13 Species of <i>Cassia</i> L. in Interpreting Interspecific Genetic Diversity

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