Karyotype relationships among four South American species of Urvillea (Sapindaceae: Paullinieae)

Urdampilleta, Juan Domingo; Ferrucci, María Silvia; Torezan, José Marcelo Domingues; Vanzela, André Luís Laforga

doi:10.1007/s00606-005-0393-6

Cited by 27 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The chromosome numbers reported in this work confirm previous results in Paullinieae (Ferrucci 1981, 1989, Urdampilleta et al 2006. According to previous chromosomal counts, the basic number in the tribe Paullinieae varies among xϭ7 and xϭ14 (xϭ8 and xϭ13 are absent), always with the conservation of 2nϭ24 (xϭ12) in Houssayanthus and Serjania (Ferrucci 2000).…”

Section: Chromosome Number and Karyotypessupporting

confidence: 80%

“…This relation was already confirmed in other species of Paullinia and Urvillea (Urdampilleta et al 2006(Urdampilleta et al , 2007. In plants, frequently NOR have being associated with GC-rich DNA regions (Guerra 2000).…”

Section: Heterochromatin and Banding Patternssupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Paullinia and Urvillea are the only genera of Paullinieae in which a polyploid series was reported. Species with 2ϫ, 4ϫ and 8ϫ were found in Urvillea (Ferrucci 1981, Urdampilleta et al 2006) and 2nϭ210 was observed in P. cupana (Freitas et al 2007). …”

Section: Chromosome Number and Karyotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…discussion of the karyotipyc evolution in Paullinieae relative to other tribes of Sapindaceae (Ferrucci 2000, Urdampilleta et al 2006. These studies suggested that the disploid chromosomal reduction and an increase in the chromosomal size would be processes that intervened in the karyotypic evolution of this tribe (Hemmer andMorawetz 1990, Lombello andForniMartins 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, in Sapindaceae, studies involving meiotic analysis, C-, NOR-, DAPI/CMA 3 -banding and in situ hybridization to physically locate repetitive DNA are limited. Previous results demonstrate a diversification in the quantity, type and location of heterochromatin segments in eight species of Cardiopermum, Paullinia and Urvillea, nevertheless, a similar pattern of terminal heterochromatin was observed in C. grandiflorum Sw. (Hemmer and Morawetz 1990), U. chacoensis Hunz., U. ulmacea Kunth (Urdampilleta et al 2006) and P. elegans Cambess. (Urdampilleta et al 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences and Resemblances in Banding Patterns and Ribosomal DNA Distribution in Four Species of Paullinieae Tribe (Sapindaceae)

et al. 2008

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SummaryThe tribe Paullinieae (Sapindaceae) is exclusively neotropically distributed, and is characterized by apomorphic characters and considered a monophyletic natural group. Recently explored cytogenetical aspects suggest that the disploid chromosomal reduction, the increase in the chromosomal size and the diversification of highly repetitive DNA sequences are associated with the karyotypic evolution of this tribe. This work compares patterns of chromosome banding and the distribution of ribosomal DNA 18S-5.8S-26S in Cardiospermum grandiflorum Sw., Pullinia elegans Cambess., Urvillea chacoensis Hunz. and U. ulmacea Kunth. The studied species share the presence of a pattern of terminal C-Giemsa bands, differentiated for characteristics of heterochromatic regions. Terminal AT-rich bands occurred in C. grandiflorum (2nϭ2xϭ20) and U. chacoensis (2nϭ2xϭ22). Differing from the others, U. chacoensis presented prominent bands in the majority of chromosomes. The polyploid cytotype of U. ulmacea (2nϭ8xϭ88) possessed terminal bands CMA ϩ and DAPI ϩ , forming heterochromatic blocks constituted by GC-and AT-rich repetitive DNA. On the other hand, P. elegans (2nϭ2xϭ24) presented a pattern of neutral bands after staining with CMA 3 /DAPI. The presence of GC-rich regions associated with 45S rDNA sites was a common characteristic in the studied species, nevertheless, variations in the NOR number might be useful for the differentiation of some species. Our results on karyological differences and resemblances of the studied species are discussed in relation to the systematics of the Paullinieae tribe.

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Section: Chromosome Number and Karyotypessupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Heterochromatin and Banding Patternssupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Chromosome Number and Karyotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences and Resemblances in Banding Patterns and Ribosomal DNA Distribution in Four Species of Paullinieae Tribe (Sapindaceae)

et al. 2008

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Divergence time estimation and mapping of morphological and cytogenetical data in the southern South American geophyte genus Pterocactus (Cactaceae)

Peñas

Bernardello

2021

TAXON

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Pterocactus has 10 species endemic to restricted areas of the Argentine Monte and Patagonia regions, also growing in neighbouring Chile. We analysed phylogenetic relationships between its species, based on plastid DNA sequences (psbA‐trnH, rpl16, trnH‐matK), exomorphological features (spine type and size, stem segment form, flower position, epidermis colour, areole pubescence, stem surface) and cytogenetical traits (genome size, somatic chromosome number). Traits were mapped using character mapping and ancestral state reconstruction to understand the dynamics of evolutionary changes. Pterocactus was monophyletic. Two lineages were recovered: clade A (with P. fischeri diverging early and P. reticulatus, P. valentinii, P. megliolii, P. gonjianii, and both P. tuberosus forms) and clade B (with P. neuquensis diverging first and P. araucanus and P. hickenii). Both samples examined of P. australis were paraphyletic. It was estimated that Pterocactus split from its sister group at 9.38 mya. The crown group age was estimated to be 7.69 myr. Species showed x = 11 with different ploidy levels (2n = 22, 44, 99, ca. 110, and 154); only P. tuberosus f. tuberosus was diploid. The numbers were typical of each taxon studied, and polyploidy was important in its diversification. Two 18S‐5.8S‐26S sites were detected regardless of the ploidy level, except P. fischeri with four sites and 2n = ca. 110. The number of 5S sites was 2 in P. gonjianii and the diploid P. tuberosus f. tuberosus, 4 in the tetraploid P. tuberosus f. lelongii, 10 in the probably decaploid P. fischeri and 8 in P. araucanus of unknown chromosome number. The genome size ranged from 2C = 4.94 pg in P. megliolii of unknown chromosome number to 2C = 16.68 pg in the tetradecaploid P. hickenii. The ancestor is reconstructed as a dwarf shrub with cylindrical central spines of 16.35–31.2 mm long, non‐woolly areoles, cylindrical to globose/obpyriform stem segments, non‐tuberculate stem surface, lateral flower position, green/brown to violet epidermis, probably diploid, and with a genome size between 1.10 and 1.23 pg.

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Karyotypes and fluorescent chromosome banding in Pyrrhocactus (Cactaceae)

2008

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Summary. Karyotypes of the seven Pyrrhocactus species were studied for the first time with Feulgen staining and CMA/DAPI banding. All showed 2n = 22 (x = 11). The karyotypes were symmetrical with 9m + 2sm pairs, excepting P. catamarcensis with 8m + 2sm + 1st pairs. They had a terminal microsatellite on short arms of pair #1. Pyrrhocactus bulbocalyx possessed a second satellited pair (#2) exclusively detected with Feulgen. Increasing asymmetry was associated with a decline in karyotype size. Fluorochrome banding, applied for the first time in Cactaceae, revealed that nucleolar chromosome pair #1 had one CMA + /DAPI -terminal band in all species related to the nucleolar organizing region; additional pericentromeric bands were found. A pattern of homogeneous sized chromosomes with median and submedian centromeres is conserved in the genus. However, karyotypes can be distinguished by a combination of cytogenetic features. Species diversification in Pyrrhocactus has not been associated with large chromosome rearrangements or polyploidy, but with cumulative small and cryptic structural changes.

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Karyotype relationships among four South American species of Urvillea (Sapindaceae: Paullinieae)

Cited by 27 publications

References 16 publications

Differences and Resemblances in Banding Patterns and Ribosomal DNA Distribution in Four Species of Paullinieae Tribe (Sapindaceae)

Differences and Resemblances in Banding Patterns and Ribosomal DNA Distribution in Four Species of Paullinieae Tribe (Sapindaceae)

Divergence time estimation and mapping of morphological and cytogenetical data in the southern South American geophyte genus Pterocactus (Cactaceae)

Karyotypes and fluorescent chromosome banding in Pyrrhocactus (Cactaceae)

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