Karyotype and chromosomal polymorphism of Chironomus luridus Strenzke, 1959 (Diptera: Chironomidae) in European and Asian populations

Abstract

Abstract. The karyotype structure and chromosomal polymorphism were studied in several European (European part of Russia and the Netherlands) and Asian (Siberia and Kazakhstan) populations of Chironomus luridus Strenzke, 1959. Inversion polymorphism was detected in six of the seven chromosome arms: three banding sequences detected in arm A, six sequences in arm B, two sequences in arm C, three sequences in arm E, fi ve sequences in arm F, and two sequences in arm G. Only arm D was monomorphic in all studied populations. In total, 22 banding sequences were recorded in Ch. luridus; they form the banding sequence pool of this species. Thus, Ch. luridus can be regarded as a very polymorphic species. However, the European and Asian populations differed considerably in the levels of polymorphism: the Asian populations were less polymorphic, containing only 8 to 10 sequences, whereas the European populations had 11 to 16 sequences. The new banding sequences lurA3, lurB5, lurE3 were found in Asian populations, whereas the sequences lurB2, lurB3, lurB4, lurB6, lurE2, lurF1, lurF2a, lurF3, lurF4, and lurG2 аre lacked. The total level of inversion heterozygosity in the Asian populations was 12-25% versus 78-80% in the European populations.

Karyotype characteristics and chromosomal polymorphism of Chironomus “annularius” sensu Strenzke (1959) (Diptera, Chironomidae) from the Caucasus region

“…We provide the collection sites and abbreviations of earlier studied populations (Kiknadze et al 2012) in Table 1. The Caucasus region served as larval collection sites and included one site from Republic of North-Ossetia-Alania (Russian Federation), one site from the Republic of Dagestan (Russian Federation) and one site from the Republic of Georgia (Table 2).…”

“…We performed the identification of chromosome banding sequences for arms A, E and F using the photomaps of Kiknadze et al (2012, 2016) in the system of Keyl (1962) and chromosome mapping for arms C and D as per Kiknadze et al (1996c, 2012) in the system of Dévai et al (1989).…”

“…At first, Keyl (1962) and Kiknadze et al (1991a) mapped chromosome arms A, E and F. Later, Kiknadze et al (1996c, 2012) mapped arms C and D. Belyanina (1981), Petrova and Michailova (1986) presented some information on karyotype and chromosomal polymorphism of Palearctic Ch. “annularius” populations using an arbitrary system of chromosome mapping or without any mapping (Michailova 1989). The karyotype and chromosomal polymorphism of Ch. “annularius” from Nearctic populations were studied relatively later than that from Palearctic populations (Butler et al 1995, Andreeva 1999, Kiknadze et al 2008b, 2010, 2012). …”

About approaches to studying of the microevolutionary phenomena in connatural chironomids populations. nonequilibrium of populations as stable state

“…Давленые препараты политенных хромосом из слюнных желез готовили по рутинной ме-тодике с модификациями [34]. Сравнение дисковых по-следовательностей проводили по цитофотокартам и ка-дастрам ПДХ у данных видов [4,18,41]. Фиксировали гетеро-и гомозиготные перестройки.…”

“…У C. annularius пе-рестройки были обнаружены в пяти плечах из семи: A2, B2, D2, E2, F2. Эти ПДХ являются обычными для Пале-арктики [41]. Поскольку выборка достаточно большая, анализировались все типы ЗС.…”