Karyotype and C-banding Pattern of the Domestic Geese &lt;I&gt;Anser anser&lt;/I&gt; Populations (Aves: Anatidae) in Egypt

The mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is one of the most common, economically, and socially important birds around the world. Mallards were not only an important food source for early humans, but eventually becoming intimately linked with people as they were domesticated over the last 2,000 years. To date, mallard genomes are largely reconstructed from samples of domestic or unknown genetic heritage. Here, we report the first high-quality genome assembly and annotation of a genetically vetted wild mallard from North America (NAwild_v1.0). The genome was assembled using a combination of shotgun libraries and proximity ligation ChicagoTM and Dovetail Hi-CTM libraries, respectively. The final assembly is ∼1.04 Gb in size, with 98.3% of the sequence located in 30 full or nearly full chromosome scaffolds, and with a N50/L50 of 79.1 Mb/4 scaffolds. We used a combination of gene prediction and similarity approaches to annotate a total of 23,584 functional genes, of which 19,242 were associated to GO terms. The genome assembly and the set of annotated genes yielded a 95.4% completeness score when compared with the BUSCO aves_odb10 dataset. Next, we aligned three previously published mallard genomes to ours, and demonstrate how runs of homozygosity and nucleotide diversity are substantially higher and lower, respectively, to ours and how these artificially changed genomes resulted in profoundly different and biased demographic histories. Our wild mallard assembly not only provides a valuable resource to shed light onto genome evolution, speciation and other adaptive processes, but also helping with identifying functional genes that have been significantly altered during the domestication process.

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Immunocytological Analysis of Meiotic Recombination in the Gray Goose (Anser anser)

Torgasheva

Бородин²

2017

Cytogenet Genome Res

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Studies on mammals demonstrate wide interspecific variation in the number and distribution of recombination events along chromosomes. Birds represent an interesting model group for comparative analysis of cytological and ecological drivers of recombination rate evolution. Yet, data on variation in recombination rates in birds are limited to a dozen of species. In this study, we used immunolocalization of MLH1, a mismatch repair protein marking mature recombination nodules, to estimate the overall recombination rate and distribution of crossovers along macrochromosomes in female and male meiosis of the gray goose (Anser anser). The average number of MLH1 foci was significantly higher in oocytes than in spermatocytes (73.6 ± 7.8 and 58.9 ± 7.6, respectively). MLH1 foci distribution along individual macrobivalents showed subtelomeric peaks, which were more pronounced in males. Analysis of distances between neighboring MLH1 foci on macrobivalents revealed stronger crossover interference in male meiosis. These data create a framework for future genetic and physical mapping of the gray goose.

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Karyotype and C-banding Pattern of the Domestic Geese <I>Anser anser</I> Populations (Aves: Anatidae) in Egypt

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of the Zhedong White goose and characterization of NUMTs: Reveal domestication history of goose in China and Euro

Analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of the Zhedong White goose and characterization of NUMTs: Reveal domestication history of goose in China and Euro

Chromosomal-level reference genome of a wild North American mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)

Immunocytological Analysis of Meiotic Recombination in the Gray Goose (<b><i>Anser anser</i></b>)

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