Karyomorphological Analysis of Different Varieties of <i>Tabernaemontana coronaria</i>

Abstract

Summary Tabernaemontana coronaria of Apocynaceae is an economically important medicinal plant, distributed throughout the tropics of the world. The different alkaloids produced by this species are effective against various disorders like abdominal tumors, asthma, diarrhoea, epilepsy, eye infections and fever. Morphological characters including internode length, petiole length, leaf area and leaf index varied between these varieties. Cytological analysis revealed three diploid varieties with 2n=22 chromosomes (Wild type T. coronaria, T. coronaria var. Variegata, T. coronaria var. Dwarf) and a triploid variety with 3n=33 chromosomes (T. coronaria var. Florepleno). A variation was recorded in total chromosome length and volume among the diploid varieties of T. coronaria. Most of the centromeric chromosomes were either median or median region. The present study indicated that cryptic structural changes of chromosomes might be responsible in the evolution of different varieties of T. coronaria except the Flore-pleno variety. Moreover, differential condensation of chromosomes attributing to variable chromosome length and volume has been suggested.

Karyotype Analysis and 4C Nuclear DNA Estimation in Different Cultivars of <i>Clitoria ternatea</i> L.

“…1j-l). The increase or decrease in number of secondary chromosomes might be attributed to duplication of such chromosome or translocation between the chromosomes with or without secondary constrictions at a very early stage of evolution (Mukhopadhyay and Sharma 1987, Mukhopadhyay and Ray 2013, Kumari et al 2014) All these findings clearly indicated the role of cryptic structural alterations of chromosomes in the evolution of these varieties (Mukhopadhyay and Sharma 1987, Lahiri et al 2010, Samanta et al 2015. The data on chromosomal parameters for each sample were obtained after examining ten cells at metaphase stages.…”

“…The evidences indicate that each population/cultivar has its own karyotype and distinctive range in chromosome length and volume. Therefore, these characters, which are under genetic control, can be utilized as suitable parameters for classification and identification of cultivars/populations of Clitoria ternatea L. (Mukhopadhyay and Sharma 1987, Mukhopadhyay and Ray 2013, Samanta et al 2015.…”

Which Is a Reliable Approach in the Generation of Artificial Minichromosomes, Bottom-Up or Top-Down?

“…Cytogenetical and karyotypic studies have revealed variations of chromosomes in size, morphology, and number in various clades of plant and animal species (Al-Dakan and Al-Saleh 2015, Al-Qahtani et al 2014, Arslan and Zima 2014, Bagane et al 2014, Çakmak and Koca 2014, Deshpande et al 2014, El-Esawi and Sammour 2014, Gholave et al 2014, Haroun and Alotaibi 2015, Jantarat et al 2014a, Kaewmad et al 2014, 2014c, Kantek et al 2015, Kasiroek et al 2014, Kaur and Singhal 2015, Khakhong et al 2014, Kumar et al 2015, Kumar et al 2014, Li et al 2015, Martin et al 2015, Miura and Iwatsubo 2014, Parai and Mukherjee 2014, Park 2015, Patawang et al 2014a, Phimphan et al 2015, Pierozzi and Baroni 2014, Pinthong et al 2014, Qumsiyeh et al 2014, Rezaei et al 2014, Samanta et al 2015, Sato et al 2015, Tahami et al 2014, Venkatesh and Munirajappa 2015, Venkatesh et al 2014, Walia et al 2015. Cytogenetical techniques including banding methods and FISH have revealed the evolutionary process in structural and number changes of chromosomes (Lombello and Pinto-maglio 2014…”