Karyological Studies in Grain Amaranths.

Greizerstein, Eduardo José; Poggio, Lidia

doi:10.1508/cytologia.59.25

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Haploid chromosome numbers in the Hybridus complex species are variable. A. cruentus has 17, and the other species 16 chromosomes (Greizerstein and Poggio, 1994), although it does not seem to strongly influence genome sizes (Greizerstein and Poggio, 1994;Stetter et al, 2015, (Bennett and Smith, 1991;Bennett et al, 1998;Ohri et al, 1981, http://data.kew.org/cvalues). A strong variation in genome size was also observed in the dioecious A. Acnida subgenus.…”

Section: Genome Size Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of phylogenetic relationships and genome size evolution of theAmaranthusgenus using GBS indicates the ancestors of an ancient crop

Stetter

Schmid

2016

Preprint

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The genus Amaranthus consists of 50 to 70 species and harbors several cultivated and weedy species of great economic importance. A small number of suitable traits, phenotypic plasticity, gene flow and hybridization made it difficult to establish the taxonomy and phylogeny of the whole genus despite various studies using molecular markers. We inferred the phylogeny of the Amaranthus genus using genotyping by sequencing (GBS) of 94 genebank accessions representing 35 Amaranthus species and measured their genome sizes. SNPs were called by de novo and reference-based methods, for which we used the distant sugarbeet Beta vulgaris and the closely related Amaranthus hypochondriacus as references. SNP counts and proportions of missing data differed between methods, but the resulting phylogenetic trees were highly similar. A distance-based neighbor joing tree of individual accessions and a species tree calculated with the multispecies coalescent supported a previous taxonomic classification into three subgenera although the subgenus A. Acnida consists of two highly differentiated clades. The analysis of the Hybridus complex within the A. Amaranthus subgenus revealed insights on the history of cultivated grain amaranths. The complex includes the three cultivated grain amaranths and their wild relatives and was well separated from other species in the subgenus. Wild and cultivated amaranth accessions did not differentiate according to the species assignment but clustered by their geographic origin from South and Central America. Different geographically separated populations of Amaranthus hybridus appear to be the common ancestors of the three cultivated grain species and A. quitensis might be additionally be involved in the evolution of South American grain amaranth (A. caudatus). We also measured genome sizes of the species and observed little variation with the exception of two lineages that showed evidence for a recent polyploidization. With the exception of two lineages, genome sizes are quite similar and indicate that polyploidization did not play a major role in the history of the genus. A. floridanus A. tuberculatus A. fimbriatus A. tucsonensis

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Section: Genome Size Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of phylogenetic relationships and genome size evolution of theAmaranthusgenus using GBS indicates the ancestors of an ancient crop

Stetter

Schmid

2016

Preprint

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“…T HE GENUS Amaranthus (Caryophyllales: Amaranthaceae) contains three domesticated grain species, collectively referred to as the grain amaranths (A. hypochondriacus L., A. cruentus L., and A. caudatus L.;Sauer, 1976). Th ese species, along with their putative progenitor species (A. hybridus L., A. quitensis Kunth, and A. powellii S. Watson) are classifi ed in what is termed the A. hybridus complex and are considered paleo-allotetraploids (2n = 4x = 32; Greizerstein and Poggio, 1994;Greizerstein and Poggio, 1995;Pal and Khoshoo, 1982). Amaranth was a major domesticated food crop of the pre-Columbian New World civilizations, likely having been domesticated multiple times over thousands of years ago (Mallory et al, 2008;Sauer, 1950).…”

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Development, Characterization, and Linkage Mapping of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Grain Amaranths (Amaranthus sp.)

et al. 2011

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The grain amaranths (Amaranthus sp.) are important pseudocereals native to the New World. During the last decade they have garnered increased international attention for their nutritional quality, tolerance to abiotic stress, and importance as a symbol of indigenous cultures. We describe the development of the fi rst single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assays for amaranth. In addition, we report the characterization of the fi rst complete genetic linkage map in the genus. The SNP assays are based on KASPar genotyping chemistry and were detected using the Fluidigm dynamic array platform. A diversity screen of 41 accessions of the cultivated amaranth species and their putative ancestor species (Amaranth hybridus L.) showed that the minor allele frequency (MAF) of these markers ranged from 0.05 to 0.5 with an average MAF of 0.27 per SNP locus. One hundred and forty-one of the SNP loci were considered highly polymorphic (MAF ≥ 0.3). Linkage mapping placed all 411 markers into 16 linkage groups, presumably corresponding to each of the 16 amaranth haploid chromosomes. The map spans 1288 cM with an average marker density of 3.1 cM per marker. The work reported here represents the initial fi rst steps toward the genetic dissection of agronomically important characteristics in amaranth.

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“…Wats.) in what is termed the A. hybridus complex and are thought to be paleo‐allotetraploids (2 n = 4 x = 32), although chromosome counts of both 32 and 34 have been reported for A. cruentus (Pal et al, 1982; Greizerstein and Poggio, 1994, 1995). While the grain amaranths have been cultivated for centuries in the Americas, they have been underutilized since the Spanish conquest, when they were replaced by Old World crops and their cultivation suppressed due to their deeply rooted use in indigenous religious practices (Sauer 1976, 1993; Iturbide and Gispert, 1994).…”

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Development and Characterization of Microsatellite Markers for the Grain Amaranths

et al. 2008

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The grain amaranths (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L., A. cruentus L., and A. caudatus L.) are important pseudo‐cereals native to the Americas. The objective of this project was to produce and characterize a set of highly informative, reproducible microsatellite markers for the grain amaranths. A total of 1457 clones were sequenced from three microsatellite‐enriched libraries. Of these, 353 contained unique microsatellites. An additional 29 microsatellite loci were identified from 728 bacterial artificial chromosome–end sequences. A total of 179 microsatellites were polymorphic across accessions from the three grain amaranths. Among these polymorphic microsatellite loci, a total of 731 alleles were identified with an average of four alleles per locus. Heterozygosity values ranged from 0.14 to 0.83, with a mean value of 0.62. Thirty‐seven (21%) of the markers were polymorphic between the parents of a segregating population. Phylogenetic analysis using the marker data placed A. hybridus L. accessions into two of the three grain amaranth clades, suggesting the polyphyletic evolution of the three cultivated species from different A. hybridus ancestors. The transferability of these markers to A. hybridus, A. powellii S. Wats., and A. retroflexus L. is reported and suggests that these markers may be useful in studying other species within the genus Amaranthus, including several economically important weeds and ornamentals.

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Karyological Studies in Grain Amaranths.

Cited by 30 publications

References 14 publications

Analysis of phylogenetic relationships and genome size evolution of theAmaranthusgenus using GBS indicates the ancestors of an ancient crop

Analysis of phylogenetic relationships and genome size evolution of theAmaranthusgenus using GBS indicates the ancestors of an ancient crop

Development, Characterization, and Linkage Mapping of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Grain Amaranths (Amaranthus sp.)

Development and Characterization of Microsatellite Markers for the Grain Amaranths

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