Karst of the Mariana Islands: The interaction of tectonics, glacio-eustasy, and freshwater/seawater mixing in island carbonates

Jenson, John W.; Keel, Thomas M.; Mylroie, Joan R.; Mylroie, John E.; Stafford, Kevin W.; Taboroši, Danko; Wexel, Curt

doi:10.1130/2006.2404(11)

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The thickness of these Upper Miocene carbonates which onlap the alpine folded basement is very irregular, showing mean values around 70 m and occasionally exceeding 120 m. Because the Mesozoic basement consists mainly of karstifiable rocks (limestones and dolomites) with only minor marl intercalations, the karst area of Migjorn shares some resemblances with the complex island type from the Carbonate Island Karst Model, or CIKM, as postulated by Jenson et al (2006); however, in this case the basement is not an impervious one and can even contribute to the recharge of the overlying Upper Miocene aquifers.…”

Section: International Journal Of Speleology 36 (2) 57-67 Bologna mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Mylroie (2005) focuses his explanation of coastal cave origin on sea caves, flank margin caves, and blue holes. Jenson et al (2006) add three types of fissure cave and "phreatic lift" caves, but there is still little emphasis on collapse modification of the original cavities. Taking into account the increasing evidences about breakdown processes in coastal caves, we think that the Carbonate Island Karst Model as suggested by Mylroie et al (2004) and Jenson et al (2006) lacks a specific speleogenetic type based on long-lasting collapse of mixing-solution cavities, under the influence of recurrent sea level fluctuations and enhanced by "tidal pumping" on the coastal water table -as we are postulating for the Majorcan Migjorn caves.…”

Section: Conclusion About Eogenetic Speleogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eogenetic karst, glacioeustatic cave pools and anchialine environments on Mallorca Island: a discussion of coastal speleogenesis

Ginés¹,

Ginés²

2007

IJS

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Section: International Journal Of Speleology 36 (2) 57-67 Bologna mentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Conclusion About Eogenetic Speleogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Eogenetic karst, glacioeustatic cave pools and anchialine environments on Mallorca Island: a discussion of coastal speleogenesis

Ginés¹,

Ginés²

2007

IJS

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“…A principais referências sobre a geologia geral das Ilhas Marianas são os relatórios e mapas geológicos elaborados por Tracey et al (1964), Doan et al (1964) e Cloud et al (1956. Recentemente, o carste e as cavernas dessas ilhas vêm sendo estudados por Jenson et al (2006), Keel (2005), Mylroie et al (2001), Stafford et al (2003), Stafford et al (2004a;2004b;, Taboroši (2000;2006) e Taboroši et al (2003; DOI: 10.5752/P.2318-2962.2014v24n42p219 221 HOLLOMAN, 1974). Sendo assim, ela possui uma grande plataforma de concreto que permitia a instalação de uma bomba para extração de água.…”

Section: Geologia Das Ilhas Marianasunclassified

Artefatos militares e uso de cavernas durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial nas Ilhas Marianas, Pacífico Oeste / World War II artifacts and wartime use of caves in the Mariana Islands, Western Pacific - DOI: 10.5752/P.2318- 2962.2014v24n42p219

Taboroši¹,

Jenson

Stafford³

2014

Cad.Geo.

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Artigo recebido para revisão em 05/02/2014 e aceito para publicação em 25/4/2014 ResumoPor séculos as cavernas tem sido utilizadas para a guerra e ainda hoje ocupam lugar de destaque em diversos conflitos armados. O presente trabalho destaca as cavernas encontradas nas Ilhas Marianas que foram utilizadas durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Tais cavernas pertencem a diferentes tipos de acordo com sua gênese e incluem abismos, fraturas, cavernas vadosas ou cavernas freáticas. É demonstrado com a pesquisa que tais cavernas presenciaram um vasto e variado uso durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, exibindo uma vasta gama de modificações para uso militar e ainda contém importantes artefatos de época. Palavras-chave: cavernas, conflitos armados, artefatos militares, Segunda Guerra Mundial, Ilhas Mariana AbstractFor centuries caves have been used for war and still nowadays has prominent place in several armed conflicts. This work highlights the caves found in the Mariana Islands used during the Second World War. These caves belong to different types according to their origin and include pits, fractures, vadose and phreatic caves. It is demonstrated through research that these caves witnessed a vast and varied use during World War II, showing a wide range of modifications for military use and also contains important artifacts of that time.

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“…Large but simple flank margin cave patterns are associated with limited lens stability time, meaning that as the caves were forming, sea level changed and the cave is either abandoned if sea level dropped or flooded by non-speleogenetic marine water if sea level rose. This type of flank margin cave development is observed in the Mariana Islands (Jenson, et al, 2006), Barbados (Kambesis and Machel, 2013), Curaçao (Kambesis et al, 2015b), Kangaroo Island, Australia (Mylroie and Mylroie, 2009b), and in Mallorca island (Mylroie, et al, 2015), areas with active tectonics. Flank margin cave development as a result of tectonic influence on a passive continental coast has been presented for the Naracoorte karst area in Southeastern Australia (White and Webb, 2015).…”

Section: Flank Margin Cave Origin In Cape Rangementioning

confidence: 99%

Flank margin cave development and tectonic uplift, Cape Range, Australia

Mylroie

Humphreys

et al. 2017

JCKS

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Cape Range, Australia, on the northwest coast of the continent at 218 S, 1138 E, is a north-northeast-striking anticlinal ridge 315 m high, 130 km long, and 32 km wide extending into the sea and consisting of Miocene carbonate rocks with a series of coastal terraces of Pliocene and Quaternary carbonates and siliciclastic dunes. Inland escarpments, representing former sea cliffs, and deep valleys cutting the limbs of the anticlinal ridge host many cave entrances at a variety of elevations. The lowest unit, the Mandu Formation, a chalky and marly limestone, contains many tafoni (pseudokarst) caves with simple, singlechamber plans and widths up to 15 m or more and height up to 10 m. The higher, purer Miocene limestones and the younger Pliocene and Pleistocene coastal terrace limestones host numerous flank margin caves from 300 m elevation in the Miocene rocks to sea level in the Quaternary rocks. These caves have entrances up to 30 m wide and heights of 6 m, with single-chamber caves being common, but complex caves are also present. Some caves are entered by small entrances that lead to large phreatic chambers, which eliminates both sea cave and tafoni as possible explanations. The close association of these caves with sea cliffs and incised valleys argues against a deep hypogene origin, which would leave a cave pattern unrelated to the surface configuration. Miocene uplift tapered off into the Pliocene. The flank margin caves in the paleo sea cliffs represent the outcome of the interplay of tectonic activity and glacioeustasy over a 300 m vertical range, with lowstands causing valley incision, while highstands raised the fresh-water lens and allowed cave development in the valley walls. Cave development began with the first tectonic-driven subaerial exposure in the Miocene and continued through to the last Pleistocene interglacial.

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Karst of the Mariana Islands: The interaction of tectonics, glacio-eustasy, and freshwater/seawater mixing in island carbonates

Cited by 26 publications

References 5 publications

Eogenetic karst, glacioeustatic cave pools and anchialine environments on Mallorca Island: a discussion of coastal speleogenesis

Eogenetic karst, glacioeustatic cave pools and anchialine environments on Mallorca Island: a discussion of coastal speleogenesis

Artefatos militares e uso de cavernas durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial nas Ilhas Marianas, Pacífico Oeste / World War II artifacts and wartime use of caves in the Mariana Islands, Western Pacific - DOI: 10.5752/P.2318- 2962.2014v24n42p219

Flank margin cave development and tectonic uplift, Cape Range, Australia

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