Karst in Scotland

Waltham, A. C.; Simms, Michael J.; Farrant, A. R.; Goldie, H. S.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-0085-1_8

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Ogof Draenen, South Wales, UK, where they can be traced for several hundred metres down a single 268 passage (Waltham et al, 1997;Farrant and Simms, 2011). These notches decrease both in vertical size 269 and lateral extent in a down-stream direction in tandem with a corresponding decrease in average 270 sediment grain size.…”

Section: Effects Of Sediment Influx In a Vadose Setting 234mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of sediment in speleogenesis; sedimentation and paragenesis

Farrant

Smart

2011

Geomorphology

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6Although the effects of sedimentation in caves have been recognised for many years, its role in 7 speleogenesis is frequently overlooked. Influxes of sediment into a cave system fundamentally alters 8 the way cave passages develop, either by alluviation in a vadose environment, forcing lateral 9 corrosion and the development of notches, or upwards dissolution in a phreatic environment through a 10 process known as paragenesis. Sediment influxes affect the hydrological functioning of a karst aquifer 11 by changing the way conduits behave and subsequently develop both in plan and long section. 12Here we give an overview of the mechanisms of cave sedimentation and describe how the process of 13 alluviation and paragenesis affect speleogenesis. A characteristic suite of meso-and micro-scale 14 dissolutional features can be used to recognise paragenetic development, which is reviewed here. In a 15 vadose environment these include alluvial notches, whilst in a phreatic environment, half tubes, 16 anastomoses and pendants, bedrock fins and paragenetic dissolution ramps result. Using these to 17 identify phases of sedimentation and paragenesis is crucial for reconstructing denudation chronologies 18 from cave deposits. We suggest that sedimentation and paragenesis is most likely to occur in certain 19 geomorphological situations, such as ice marginal and periglacial environments, beneath thick 20 residual soils and where rivers can transport fluvial sediment into a cave, either via stream sinks or 21 back-flooding. 22

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Section: Effects Of Sediment Influx In a Vadose Setting 234mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of sediment in speleogenesis; sedimentation and paragenesis

Farrant

Smart

2011

Geomorphology

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“…This system consists of both thin and thick thrust sheets of massive limestone and is deeply dissected by drainage (Talebian and Jackson, 2002). The general structure of the limestones of the MKMS is steep, moderately tight, broken, and complicated by steeply inclined thrust faults (Waltham and Ede, 1973). The dominant components of the landscape are karstic, and this characteristic, together with high annual precipitation on the local mountains, culminates in the presence of many springs around these mountains.…”

Section: The Massive Karstic Mountain Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of geology and geomorphology on cave and rockshelter archaeological site formation, preservation, and distribution in the Zagros mountains of Iran

Heydari

2007

Geoarchaeology

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This paper is a first attempt to explore the impact of geological and geomorphological settings on formation processes of shelter sites in the karstic Zagros Mountains of Iran. In general, the Zagros Mountains can be divided geologically and geomorphologically into two main zones, highland and folded, which are located parallel to each other and run from the northeast to the southwest in western Iran. Both the geological and geomorphological zones have implications for the formation processes of archaeological deposits at shelter sites. These environmental differences also influence the preservation of archaeological deposits at these types of sites. It is suggested that apart from site formation and post-depositional processes, the local geological and geomorphological structure might also have had some influence on the distribution of prehistoric sites in the region.

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Karst in Scotland

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Role of sediment in speleogenesis; sedimentation and paragenesis

Role of sediment in speleogenesis; sedimentation and paragenesis

The impact of geology and geomorphology on cave and rockshelter archaeological site formation, preservation, and distribution in the Zagros mountains of Iran

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